Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
October-2018 Volume 16 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2018 Volume 16 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells

  • Authors:
    • Jian Bai
    • Li Xiao
    • Zhen Tao
    • Bingzhen Cao
    • Yong Han
    • Wenmei Fan
    • Xiangrui Kong
    • Xihui Ma
    • Yu Gao
    • Lili Bi
    • Wen Chen
    • Bingyi Shi
    • Xicheng Liu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China, Experimental Animal Centre, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesia, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 5188020, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Bai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4391-4399
    |
    Published online on: July 17, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9153
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells (NF‑κB) is one of the most important tumorigenic factors. Although it has been established that NF‑κB is overly activated in human glioma cells, the molecular mechanisms that lead to the signal transduction to NF‑κB and thereby the induction of resistance to apoptosis remain poorly understood. The present study demonstrated that mRNA and protein levels of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 (MIB2) were markedly upregulated in glioma cell lines and clinical samples. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed high levels of MIB2 expression in glioma specimens. Ectopic overexpression of MIB2 was established in glioma cell lines to investigate its fundamental roles in the response of human glioma to apoptotic inducers. The results indicated that ultraviolet irradiation‑induced cell apoptosis was inhibited with MIB2 overexpression in glioma cells. Notably, knockdown of MIB2 using RNA interference was able to increase the sensitivity of glioma cells to the pro‑apoptotic agents. The present study identified that MIB2 induces NF‑κB activation and facilitates the resistance of glioma cell to apoptosis. It was proposed that MIB2 may not only be an important hallmark to glioma disease progression, but that it may also offer novel clinical strategies to overcome resistance to cancer therapies.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Wen PY and Kesari S: Malignant gliomas in adults. N Engl J Med. 359:492–507. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Furnari FB, Fenton T, Bachoo RM, Mukasa A, Stommel JM, Stegh A, Hahn WC, Ligon KL, Louis DN, Brennan C, et al: Malignant astrocytic glioma: Genetics, biology, and paths to treatment. Genes Dev. 21:2683–2710. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Nieder C, Mehta MP and Jalali R: Combined radio- and chemotherapy of brain tumours in adult patients. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 21:515–524. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Fidoamore A, Cristiano L, Antonosante A, d'Angelo M, Di Giacomo E, Astarita C, Giordano A, Ippoliti R, Benedetti E and Cimini A: Glioblastoma stem cells microenvironment: The paracrine roles of the niche in drug and radioresistance. Stem Cells Int. 2016:68091052016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Argyriou AA and Kalofonos HP: Molecularly targeted therapies for malignant gliomas. Mol Med. 15:115–122. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Kasibhatla S and Tseng B: Why target apoptosis in cancer treatment? Mol Cancer Therap. 2:573–580. 2003.

7 

Wong ML, Kaye AH and Hovens CM: Targeting malignant glioma survival signalling to improve clinical outcomes. J Clin Neurosci. 14:301–308. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Sun SY, Hail N Jr and Lotan R: Apoptosis as a novel target for cancer chemoprevention. J Natl Cancer Inst. 96:662–672. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Biswas DK, Shi Q, Baily S, Strickland I, Ghosh S, Pardee AB and Iglehart JD: NF-kappa B activation in human breast cancer specimens and its role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:10137–10142. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Shen HM and Tergaonkar V: NFkappaB signaling in carcinogenesis and as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Apoptosis. 14:348–363. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Guan H, Zhang H, Cai J, Wu J, Yuan J, Li J, Huang Z and Li M: IKBKE is over-expressed in glioma and contributes to resistance of glioma cells to apoptosis via activating NF-κB. J Pathol. 223:436–445. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kumar DM, Patil V, Ramachandran B, Nila MV, Dharmalingam K and Somasundaram K: Temozolomide-modulated glioma proteome: Role of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) in chemosensitivity. Proteomics. 13:2113–2124. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yamagishi N, Miyakoshi J and Takebe H: Enhanced radiosensitivity by inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation in human malignant glioma cells. Int J Radiat Biol. 72:157–162. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Angileri FF, Aguennouz M, Conti A, La Torre D, Cardali S, Crupi R, Tomasello C, Germanò A, Vita G and Tomasello F: Nuclear factor-kappaB activation and differential expression of survivin and Bcl-2 in human grade 2-4 astrocytomas. Cancer. 112:2258–2266. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Wong ET and Tergaonkar V: Roles of NF-kappaB in health and disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clin Sci (Lond). 116:451–465. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Sizemore N, Lerner N, Dombrowski N, Sakurai H and Stark GR: Distinct roles of the Ikappa B kinase alpha and beta subunits in liberating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) from Ikappa B and in phosphorylating the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B. J Biol Chem. 277:3863–3869. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Mankan AK, Lawless MW, Gray SG, Kelleher D and McManus R: NF-kappaB regulation: The nuclear response. J Cell Mol Med. 13:631–643. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Antoon JW, White MD, Slaughter EM, Driver JL, Khalili HS, Elliott S, Smith CD, Burow ME and Beckman BS: Targeting NFκB mediated breast cancer chemoresistance through selective inhibition of sphingosine kinase-2. Cancer Biol Ther. 11:678–689. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Santini D, Schiavon G, Vincenzi B, Gaeta L, Pantano F, Russo A, Ortega C, Porta C, Galluzzo S, Armento G, et al: Receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) expression in primary tumors associates with bone metastasis occurrence in breast cancer patients. PLoS One. 6:e192342011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Hoshiya Y, Gupta V, Segev DL, Hoshiya M, Carey JL, Sasur LM, Tran TT, Ha TU and Maheswaran S: Mullerian inhibiting substance induces NFkB signaling in breast and prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 211:43–49. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Mani A and Gelmann EP: The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and its role in cancer. J Clin Oncol. 23:4776–4789. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Rajan N, Elliott RJ, Smith A, Sinclair N, Swift S, Lord CJ and Ashworth A: The cylindromatosis gene product, CYLD, interacts with MIB2 to regulate notch signalling. Oncotarget. 5:12126–12140. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Vigneswaran K, Neill S and Hadjipanayis CG: Beyond the world health organization grading of infiltrating gliomas: Advances in the molecular genetics of glioma classification. Ann Transl Med. 3:952015.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Schmittgen TD and Livak KJ: Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nature Protoc. 3:1101–1108. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Kämmerer U, Kapp M, Gassel AM, Richter T, Tank C, Dietl J and Ruck P: A new rapid immunohistochemical staining technique using the EnVision antibody complex. J Histochem Cytochem. 49:623–630. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Bednarski BK, Ding X, Coombe K, Baldwin AS and Kim HJ: Active roles for inhibitory kappaB kinases alpha and beta in nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated chemoresistance to doxorubicin. Mol Cancer Therap. 7:1827–1835. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

McClelland RA, Finlay P, Walker KJ, Nicholson D, Robertson JF, Blamey RW and Nicholson RI: Automated quantitation of immunocytochemically localized estrogen receptors in human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 50:3545–3550. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Jung Y, Joo KM, Seong DH, Choi YL, Kong DS, Kim Y, Kim MH, Jin J, Suh YL, Seol HJ, et al: Identification of prognostic biomarkers for glioblastomas using protein expression profiling. Int J Oncol. 40:1122–1132. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Pitlick FA: Binding of bovine brain tissue factor to concanavalin A-Sepharose. Partial purification of coagulant, arylamidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Biochim Biophys Acta. 428:27–34. 1976. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Tu Y, Chen C, Pan J, Xu J, Zhou ZG and Wang CY: The ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) in the regulation of cell cycle control and DNA damage repair and its implication in tumorigenesis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 5:726–738. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Wang X and Michaelis EK: Selective neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in the brain. Front Aging Neurosci. 2:122010.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Koo BK, Yoon KJ, Yoo KW, Lim HS, Song R, So JH, Kim CH and Kong YY: Mind bomb-2 is an E3 ligase for Notch ligand. J Biol Chem. 280:22335–22342. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Koo BK, Yoon MJ, Yoon KJ, Im SK, Kim YY, Kim CH, Suh PG, Jan YN and Kong YY: An obligatory role of mind bomb-1 in notch signaling of mammalian development. PLoS One. 2:e12212007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ye JS, Kim N, Lee KJ, Nam YR, Lee U and Joo CH: Lysine 63-linked TANK-binding kinase 1 ubiquitination by mindbomb E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 is mediated by the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein. J Virol. 88:12765–12776. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Takeuchi T, Heng HH, Ye CJ, Liang SB, Iwata J, Sonobe H and Ohtsuki Y: Down-regulation of a novel actin-binding molecule, skeletrophin, in malignant melanoma. Am J Pathol. 163:1395–1404. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Nguyen HT, Voza F, Ezzeddine N and Frasch M: Drosophila mind bomb2 is required for maintaining muscle integrity and survival. J Cell Biol. 179:219–227. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Barsi JC, Rajendra R, Wu JI and Artzt K: Mind bomb1 is a ubiquitin ligase essential for mouse embryonic development and Notch signaling. Mech Dev. 122:1106–1117. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Wang Q, Wang X and Evers BM: Induction of cIAP-2 in human colon cancer cells through PKC delta/NF-kappa B. J Biol Chem. 278:51091–51099. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Hinz M, Loser P, Mathas S, Krappmann D, Dörken B and Scheidereit C: Constitutive NF-kappaB maintains high expression of a characteristic gene network, including CD40, CD86, and a set of antiapoptotic genes in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells. Blood. 97:2798–2807. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Baldwin AS: Control of oncogenesis and cancer therapy resistance by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. J Clin Invest. 107:241–246. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Nakshatri H, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Martin DA, Goulet RJ Jr and Sledge GW Jr: Constitutive activation of NF-kappaB during progression of breast cancer to hormone-independent growth. Mol Cell Biol. 17:3629–3639. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Cusack JC, Liu R and Baldwin AS: NF- kappa B and chemoresistance: Potentiation of cancer drugs via inhibition of NF-kappa B. Drug Resist Updat. 2:271–273. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Cusack JC Jr, Liu R, Houston M, Abendroth K, Elliott PJ, Adams J and Baldwin AS Jr: Enhanced chemosensitivity to CPT-11 with proteasome inhibitor PS-341: Implications for systemic nuclear factor-kappaB inhibition. Cancer Res. 61:3535–3540. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

44 

Lu TP, Lai LC, Lin BI, Chen LH, Hsiao TH, Liber HL, Cook JA, Mitchell JB, Tsai MH and Chuang EY: Distinct signaling pathways after higher or lower doses of radiation in three closely related human lymphoblast cell lines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 76:212–219. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Roos WP, Batista LF, Naumann SC, Wick W, Weller M, Menck CF and Kaina B: Apoptosis in malignant glioma cells triggered by the temozolomide-induced DNA lesion O6-methylguanine. Oncogene. 26:186–197. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Alberts SR, Foster NR, Morton RF, Kugler J, Schaefer P, Wiesenfeld M, Fitch TR, Steen P, Kim GP and Gill S: PS-341 and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A north central cancer treatment group (NCCTG) randomized phase II study. Ann Oncol. 16:1654–1661. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Ali F and Sultana S: Repeated short-term stress synergizes the ROS signalling through up regulation of NFkB and iNOS expression induced due to combined exposure of trichloroethylene and UVB rays. Mol Cell Biochem. 360:133–145. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Triscott J, Rose Pambid M and Dunn SE: Concise review: Bullseye: Targeting cancer stem cells to improve the treatment of gliomas by repurposing disulfiram. Stem cells. 33:1042–1046. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Bai J, Xiao L, Tao Z, Cao B, Han Y, Fan W, Kong X, Ma X, Gao Y, Bi L, Bi L, et al: Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells. Oncol Lett 16: 4391-4399, 2018.
APA
Bai, J., Xiao, L., Tao, Z., Cao, B., Han, Y., Fan, W. ... Liu, X. (2018). Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells. Oncology Letters, 16, 4391-4399. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9153
MLA
Bai, J., Xiao, L., Tao, Z., Cao, B., Han, Y., Fan, W., Kong, X., Ma, X., Gao, Y., Bi, L., Chen, W., Shi, B., Liu, X."Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells". Oncology Letters 16.4 (2018): 4391-4399.
Chicago
Bai, J., Xiao, L., Tao, Z., Cao, B., Han, Y., Fan, W., Kong, X., Ma, X., Gao, Y., Bi, L., Chen, W., Shi, B., Liu, X."Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells". Oncology Letters 16, no. 4 (2018): 4391-4399. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9153
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Bai J, Xiao L, Tao Z, Cao B, Han Y, Fan W, Kong X, Ma X, Gao Y, Bi L, Bi L, et al: Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells. Oncol Lett 16: 4391-4399, 2018.
APA
Bai, J., Xiao, L., Tao, Z., Cao, B., Han, Y., Fan, W. ... Liu, X. (2018). Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells. Oncology Letters, 16, 4391-4399. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9153
MLA
Bai, J., Xiao, L., Tao, Z., Cao, B., Han, Y., Fan, W., Kong, X., Ma, X., Gao, Y., Bi, L., Chen, W., Shi, B., Liu, X."Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells". Oncology Letters 16.4 (2018): 4391-4399.
Chicago
Bai, J., Xiao, L., Tao, Z., Cao, B., Han, Y., Fan, W., Kong, X., Ma, X., Gao, Y., Bi, L., Chen, W., Shi, B., Liu, X."Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of B cells". Oncology Letters 16, no. 4 (2018): 4391-4399. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9153
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team