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Increased serum levels of Galectin‑9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  • Authors:
    • Kamil Wdowiak
    • Enrique Gallego‑Colon
    • Tomasz Francuz
    • Paulina Czajka‑Francuz
    • Natalia Ruiz‑Agamez
    • Marcin Kubeczko
    • Iga Grochoła
    • Maciej T. Wybraniec
    • Jerzy Chudek
    • Jerzy Wojnar
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40‑027, Poland, Department of Biochemistry, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40‑752, Poland, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska‑Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice 44‑101, Poland, First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40‑635, Poland
    Copyright: © Wdowiak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 4.0].
  • Pages: 1019-1029
    |
    Published online on: November 1, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9656
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Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. Despite improvements in treatment, CLL is still considered an incurable disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate galectin‑1, ‑3 and ‑9 (Gal‑1, ‑3 and ‑9) and Gal‑3 binding protein (Gal‑3BP) as prognostic and predictive factors in patients with CLL. Serum concentrations of Gal‑1, ‑3 and ‑9 and Gal‑3BP were measured in 48 patients with CLL and 30 control patients, using multiplex bead arrays. In patients with CLL, galectin concentrations were assessed prior to, during and following treatment. In patients with CLL who were untreated, galectin concentrations were measured twice with a 6‑month interval. The serum level of Gal‑9 was significantly increased (P<0.0001) in patients with CLL compared with the control group, and was associated with the clinical stage according to Binet classification, as well as poor cytogenetic and serum CLL prognostic factors. In addition, patients with CLL, who exhibited treatment failure, exhibited higher concentrations of Gal‑9 (P=0.06) and Gal‑3BP (P=0.009) at the end of the treatment when compared with patients under complete remission or stabilization of the disease. The serum level of Gal‑3 was significantly decreased (P=0.012) in patients with CLL compared with the control group. These results suggest that Gal‑9 is a potential prognostic factor in patients with CLL. The predictive value of Gal‑9 requires further study in larger cohorts of patients.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wdowiak K, Gallego‑Colon E, Francuz T, Czajka‑Francuz P, Ruiz‑Agamez N, Kubeczko M, Grochoła I, Wybraniec MT, Chudek J, Wojnar J, Wojnar J, et al: Increased serum levels of Galectin‑9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncol Lett 17: 1019-1029, 2019.
APA
Wdowiak, K., Gallego‑Colon, E., Francuz, T., Czajka‑Francuz, P., Ruiz‑Agamez, N., Kubeczko, M. ... Wojnar, J. (2019). Increased serum levels of Galectin‑9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncology Letters, 17, 1019-1029. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9656
MLA
Wdowiak, K., Gallego‑Colon, E., Francuz, T., Czajka‑Francuz, P., Ruiz‑Agamez, N., Kubeczko, M., Grochoła, I., Wybraniec, M. T., Chudek, J., Wojnar, J."Increased serum levels of Galectin‑9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Oncology Letters 17.1 (2019): 1019-1029.
Chicago
Wdowiak, K., Gallego‑Colon, E., Francuz, T., Czajka‑Francuz, P., Ruiz‑Agamez, N., Kubeczko, M., Grochoła, I., Wybraniec, M. T., Chudek, J., Wojnar, J."Increased serum levels of Galectin‑9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Oncology Letters 17, no. 1 (2019): 1019-1029. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9656
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wdowiak K, Gallego‑Colon E, Francuz T, Czajka‑Francuz P, Ruiz‑Agamez N, Kubeczko M, Grochoła I, Wybraniec MT, Chudek J, Wojnar J, Wojnar J, et al: Increased serum levels of Galectin‑9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncol Lett 17: 1019-1029, 2019.
APA
Wdowiak, K., Gallego‑Colon, E., Francuz, T., Czajka‑Francuz, P., Ruiz‑Agamez, N., Kubeczko, M. ... Wojnar, J. (2019). Increased serum levels of Galectin‑9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncology Letters, 17, 1019-1029. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9656
MLA
Wdowiak, K., Gallego‑Colon, E., Francuz, T., Czajka‑Francuz, P., Ruiz‑Agamez, N., Kubeczko, M., Grochoła, I., Wybraniec, M. T., Chudek, J., Wojnar, J."Increased serum levels of Galectin‑9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Oncology Letters 17.1 (2019): 1019-1029.
Chicago
Wdowiak, K., Gallego‑Colon, E., Francuz, T., Czajka‑Francuz, P., Ruiz‑Agamez, N., Kubeczko, M., Grochoła, I., Wybraniec, M. T., Chudek, J., Wojnar, J."Increased serum levels of Galectin‑9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Oncology Letters 17, no. 1 (2019): 1019-1029. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9656
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