Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
January-2019 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2019 Volume 17 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

PTEN inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell growth by promoting G0/G1 arrest and cell apoptosis

  • Authors:
    • Libao Liu
    • Lei Huang
    • Jinyuan He
    • Songwang Cai
    • Yimin Weng
    • Shaohong Huang
    • Shaohong Ma
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China, Department of Nursing, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1333-1340
    |
    Published online on: November 16, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9719
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major type of human lung cancer and the primary cause of cancer‑associated cases of mortality worldwide. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor gene in various human cancer types. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of PTEN and its associated regulatory mechanisms in NSCLC. Firstly, the expression of PTEN was detected using western blotting in a variety of NSCLC cell lines. The results revealed that compared with normal control cells, PTEN levels were significantly decreased in NSCLC cell lines (P<0.01). Short hairpin (sh)RNAs specific to PTEN were also used to knockdown endogenous PTEN in NSCLC cells. The results indicated that cell viability was significantly increased in PTEN‑knockdown cells compared with those transfected with negative control shRNA (P<0.01). Conversely, overexpression of PTEN in A549 and SK‑MES‑1 cells significantly decreased the optical density of NSCLC cells (P<0.01). Flow cytometry was used to investigate the cell cycle; the results revealed that PTEN knockdown significantly increased the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase (P<0.01) and decreased the number of cells at S phase (P<0.01). The molecular mechanism was further explored using western blotting and the results demonstrated that PTEN overexpression increased the levels of cleaved caspase‑3 (P<0.01). These results suggest that PTEN may be a potential target gene for gene therapy in patients with NSCLCs.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Lim JS and Soo RA: Nivolumab in the treatment of metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer: A review of the evidence. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 10:444–454. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Shi JG, Shao HJ, Jiang FE and Huang YD: Role of radiation therapy in lung cancer management-a review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 20:3217–3222. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Condoluci A, Mazzara C, Zoccoli A, Pezzuto A and Tonini G: Impact of smoking on lung cancer treatment effectiveness: A review. Future Oncol. 12:2149–2161. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Huang CL, Yokomise H and Miyatake A: Clinical significance of the p53 pathway and associated gene therapy in non-small cell lung cancers. Future Oncol. 3:83–93. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Bikkavilli RK, Avasarala S, Van Scoyk M, Arcaroli J, Brzezinski C, Zhang W, Edwards MG, Rathinam MK, Zhou T, Tauler J, et al: Wnt7a is a novel inducer of β-catenin-independent tumor-suppressive cellular senescence in lung cancer. Oncogene. 34:5317–5328. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Vincenten JP, Smit EF, Grünberg K, Postmus PE, Snijders PJ, Witte BI, Heideman DA and Thunnissen E: Is the current diagnostic algorithm reliable for selecting cases for EGFR- and KRAS-mutation analysis in lung cancer? Lung Cancer. 89:19–26. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Li J, Yen C, Liaw D, Podsypanina K, Bose S, Wang SI, Puc J, Miliaresis C, Rodgers L, McCombie R, et al: PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer. Science. 275:1943–1947. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Li B, Lu Y, Wang H, Han X, Mao J, Li J, Yu L, Wang B, Fan S, Yu X and Song B: miR-221/222 enhance the tumorigenicity of human breast cancer stem cells via modulation of PTEN/Akt pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 79:93–101. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sun L, Burnett J, Gasparyan M, Xu F, Jiang H, Lin CC, Myers I, Korkaya H, Liu Y, Connarn J, et al: Novel cancer stem cell targets during epithelial to mesenchymal transition in PTEN-deficient trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer. Oncotarget. 7:51408–51422. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Gu J, Wang D, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Li Y, Chen H, Shi M, Wang X, Shen B, Deng X, et al: GFRα2 prompts cell growth and chemoresistance through down-regulating tumor suppressor gene PTEN via Mir-17-5p in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett. 380:434–441. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Ping Hai P, Bo Feng T, Li L, Hui Nan Y and Hong Z: IL-1β/NF-kb signaling promotes colorectal cancer cell growth through miR-181a/PTEN axis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 604:20–26. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wu QX, Yuan SX, Ren CM, Yu Y, Sun WJ, He BC and Wu K: Oridonin upregulates PTEN through activating p38 MAPK and inhibits proliferation in human colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 35:3341–3348. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Li MF, Guan H and Zhang DD: Effect of overexpression of PTEN on apoptosis of liver cancer cells. Genet Mol Res. 15:2016.

14 

Lotan TL, Wei W, Ludkovski O, Morais CL, Guedes LB, Jamaspishvili T, Lopez K, Hawley ST, Feng Z, Fazli L, et al: Analytic validation of a clinical-grade PTEN immunohistochemistry assay in prostate cancer by comparison with PTEN FISH. Mod Pathol. 29:904–914. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Xin R, Bai F, Feng Y, Jiu M, Liu X, Bai F, Nie Y and Fan D: MicroRNA-214 promotes peritoneal metastasis through regulating PTEN negatively in gastric cancer. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 40:748–754. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zhu DY, Li XN, Qi Y, Liu DL, Yang Y, Zhao J, Zhang CY, Wu K and Zhao S: MiR-454 promotes the progression of human non-small cell lung cancer and directly targets PTEN. Biomed Pharmacother. 81:79–85. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Mukherjee A and Karmakar P: Attenuation of PTEN perturbs genomic stability via activation of Akt and down-regulation of Rad51 in human embryonic kidney cells. Mol Carcinog. 52:611–618. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Bohn BA, Mina S, Krohn A, Simon R, Kluth M, Harasimowicz S, Quaas A, Bockhorn M, Izbicki JR, Sauter G, et al: Altered PTEN function caused by deletion or gene disruption is associated with poor prognosis in rectal but not in colon cancer. Hum Pathol. 44:1524–1533. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yang Y and Song T: Effect of miR-106b on invasiveness of pituitary adenoma via PTEN-PI3K/AKT. Med Sci Monit. 23:1277–1285. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Lim HJ, Wang X, Crowe P, Goldstein D and Yang JL: Targeting the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway in treatment of sarcoma cell lines. Anticancer Res. 36:5765–5771. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Lu XX, Cao LY, Chen X, Xiao J, Zou Y and Chen Q: PTEN inhibits cell proliferation, promotes cell apoptosis, and induces cell cycle arrest via downregulating the PI3K/AKT/hTERT pathway in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Biomed Res Int. 2016:24768422016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Jonason JH, Gavrilova N, Wu M, Zhang H and Sun H: Regulation of SCF(SKP2) ubiquitin E3 ligase assembly and p27(KIP1) proteolysis by the PTEN pathway and cyclin D1. Cell Cycle. 6:951–961. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Mamillapalli R, Gavrilova N, Mihaylova VT, Tsvetkov LM, Wu H, Zhang H and Sun H: PTEN regulates the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the CDK inhibitor p27(KIP1) through the ubiquitin E3 ligase SCF(SKP2). Curr Biol. 11:263–267. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Giannopoulou E, Nikolakopoulos A, Kotsirilou D, Lampropoulou A, Raftopoulou S, Papadimitriou E, Theocharis AD, Makatsoris T, Fasseas K and Kalofonos HP: Epidermal growth factor receptor status and Notch inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Biomed Sci. 22:982015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Vesel M, Rapp J, Feller D, Kiss E, Jaromi L, Meggyes M, Miskei G, Duga B, Smuk G, Laszlo T, et al: ABCB1 and ABCG2 drug transporters are differentially expressed in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and expression is modified by cisplatin treatment via altered Wnt signaling. Respir Res. 18:522017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Van Nostrand JL, Brisac A, Mello SS, Jacobs SB, Luong R and Attardi LD: The p53 target gene SIVA enables non-small cell lung cancer development. Cancer Discov. 5:622–635. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Deben C, Wouters A, de Beeck Op K, van Den Bossche J, Jacobs J, Zwaenepoel K, Peeters M, Van Meerbeeck J, Lardon F, Rolfo C, et al: The MDM2-inhibitor Nutlin-3 synergizes with cisplatin to induce p53 dependent tumor cell apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 6:22666–22679. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Wu ZX, Song TB, Li DM, Zhang XT and Wu XL: Overexpression of PTEN suppresses growth and induces apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of survivin in bladder cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 28:9–15. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Li X, Lin G, Wu B, Zhou X and Zhou K: Overexpression of PTEN induces cell growth arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer ZR-75-1 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 39:745–750. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Yan X, Fraser M, Qiu Q and Tsang BK: Over-expression of PTEN sensitizes human ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. Gynecol Oncol. 102:348–355. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Terra LF, Garay-Malpartida MH, Wailemann RA, Sogayar MC and Labriola L: Recombinant human prolactin promotes human beta cell survival via inhibition of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Diabetologia. 54:1388–1397. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Zhang Y, Zeng F, Liu X, Li Y, Zhou J, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhou S, Zhu W, Shu E, et al: Chan-Yu-Bao-Yuan-Tang induces apoptosis in NSCLC and SCLC cell lines via a mitochondria-mediated pathway. Xenobiotica. 41:593–602. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Kim MJ, Kwon SB, Kim MS, Jin SW, Ryu HW, Oh SR and Yoon DY: Trifolin induces apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in the NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung-cancer cell line. Phytomedicine. 23:998–1004. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Elankumaran S, Rockemann D and Samal SK: Newcastle disease virus exerts oncolysis by both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase-dependent pathways of cell death. J Virol. 80:7522–7534. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Yin J, Wang M, Jin C and Qi Q: miR-101 sensitizes A549 NSCLC cell line to CDDP by activating caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Oncol Lett. 7:461–465. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu L, Huang L, He J, Cai S, Weng Y, Huang S and Ma S: PTEN inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell growth by promoting G0/G1 arrest and cell apoptosis. Oncol Lett 17: 1333-1340, 2019.
APA
Liu, L., Huang, L., He, J., Cai, S., Weng, Y., Huang, S., & Ma, S. (2019). PTEN inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell growth by promoting G0/G1 arrest and cell apoptosis. Oncology Letters, 17, 1333-1340. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9719
MLA
Liu, L., Huang, L., He, J., Cai, S., Weng, Y., Huang, S., Ma, S."PTEN inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell growth by promoting G0/G1 arrest and cell apoptosis". Oncology Letters 17.1 (2019): 1333-1340.
Chicago
Liu, L., Huang, L., He, J., Cai, S., Weng, Y., Huang, S., Ma, S."PTEN inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell growth by promoting G0/G1 arrest and cell apoptosis". Oncology Letters 17, no. 1 (2019): 1333-1340. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9719
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu L, Huang L, He J, Cai S, Weng Y, Huang S and Ma S: PTEN inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell growth by promoting G0/G1 arrest and cell apoptosis. Oncol Lett 17: 1333-1340, 2019.
APA
Liu, L., Huang, L., He, J., Cai, S., Weng, Y., Huang, S., & Ma, S. (2019). PTEN inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell growth by promoting G0/G1 arrest and cell apoptosis. Oncology Letters, 17, 1333-1340. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9719
MLA
Liu, L., Huang, L., He, J., Cai, S., Weng, Y., Huang, S., Ma, S."PTEN inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell growth by promoting G0/G1 arrest and cell apoptosis". Oncology Letters 17.1 (2019): 1333-1340.
Chicago
Liu, L., Huang, L., He, J., Cai, S., Weng, Y., Huang, S., Ma, S."PTEN inhibits non‑small cell lung cancer cell growth by promoting G0/G1 arrest and cell apoptosis". Oncology Letters 17, no. 1 (2019): 1333-1340. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9719
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team