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Article

Epigenetic treatment‑mediated modulation of PD‑L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling

  • Authors:
    • Hongbin Liu
    • Yunshan Hu
    • Rafael Rimoldi
    • Chloe Von Hagt
    • Edmund W.C. Khong
    • Nora Lee
    • Shaun Flemming
    • Andrew Spencer
    • Anthony E. Dear
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medicine, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3128, Australia, Department of Haematology, Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3128, Australia, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
  • Pages: 2543-2550
    |
    Published online on: December 17, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9841
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Abstract

Recent evidence suggests an association exists between resistance to epigenetic therapy (EGT) and the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‑1) and programmed death‑ligand 1 (PD‑L1) in myeloid malignancies. Biomarkers are required to predict resistance to EGT in myeloid malignancies, which together with the delineation of associated molecular mechanisms, may provide additional understanding for novel treatment strategies when investigating resistance to EGT. The present study aimed to investigate the in vivo effects of EGT on the expression of PD‑1, PD‑L1 and orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 with clinical responses in patients with myeloid malignancies. In addition, in vitro and in vivo characterization of the effects of EGT on the expression of NF‑κB and Bcl‑xL, potential downstream targets of PD‑L1 reverse signaling, were evaluated to determine components of the molecular mechanism responsible for these effects. The in vivo effects of EGT on the expression of PD‑1, PD‑L1 and a previously identified molecular marker of response to EGT, NUR77 was characterized in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with either azacytidine (Aza) alone or a combination of Aza and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) LBH‑589 during the first cycle of therapy. The correlation of clinical responses to treatment with EGT with the expression of PD‑1, PD‑L1 and NUR77 demonstrated that the induction of PD‑L1 mRNA levels was associated with resistance to EGT despite the concurrent augmentation of NUR77 expression. The characterization of potential downstream effector molecules of reverse PD‑L1 signaling identified EGT‑mediated induction of Bcl‑xL and NF‑κB mRNA expression in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a potential anti‑apoptotic molecular mechanism was responsible for PD‑L1‑mediated resistance to EGT. Taken together, these observations suggest that enhanced PD‑L1 expression may confer resistance to EGT over known EGT response markers in myeloid malignancies, and provides a potential molecular mechanism involving the modulation of effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling, which may in‑part, be responsible for these effects.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu H, Hu Y, Rimoldi R, Von Hagt C, Khong EW, Lee N, Flemming S, Spencer A and Dear AE: Epigenetic treatment‑mediated modulation of PD‑L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling. Oncol Lett 17: 2543-2550, 2019.
APA
Liu, H., Hu, Y., Rimoldi, R., Von Hagt, C., Khong, E.W., Lee, N. ... Dear, A.E. (2019). Epigenetic treatment‑mediated modulation of PD‑L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling. Oncology Letters, 17, 2543-2550. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9841
MLA
Liu, H., Hu, Y., Rimoldi, R., Von Hagt, C., Khong, E. W., Lee, N., Flemming, S., Spencer, A., Dear, A. E."Epigenetic treatment‑mediated modulation of PD‑L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling". Oncology Letters 17.2 (2019): 2543-2550.
Chicago
Liu, H., Hu, Y., Rimoldi, R., Von Hagt, C., Khong, E. W., Lee, N., Flemming, S., Spencer, A., Dear, A. E."Epigenetic treatment‑mediated modulation of PD‑L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling". Oncology Letters 17, no. 2 (2019): 2543-2550. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9841
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu H, Hu Y, Rimoldi R, Von Hagt C, Khong EW, Lee N, Flemming S, Spencer A and Dear AE: Epigenetic treatment‑mediated modulation of PD‑L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling. Oncol Lett 17: 2543-2550, 2019.
APA
Liu, H., Hu, Y., Rimoldi, R., Von Hagt, C., Khong, E.W., Lee, N. ... Dear, A.E. (2019). Epigenetic treatment‑mediated modulation of PD‑L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling. Oncology Letters, 17, 2543-2550. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9841
MLA
Liu, H., Hu, Y., Rimoldi, R., Von Hagt, C., Khong, E. W., Lee, N., Flemming, S., Spencer, A., Dear, A. E."Epigenetic treatment‑mediated modulation of PD‑L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling". Oncology Letters 17.2 (2019): 2543-2550.
Chicago
Liu, H., Hu, Y., Rimoldi, R., Von Hagt, C., Khong, E. W., Lee, N., Flemming, S., Spencer, A., Dear, A. E."Epigenetic treatment‑mediated modulation of PD‑L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD‑L1 reverse signaling". Oncology Letters 17, no. 2 (2019): 2543-2550. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.9841
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