Open Access

Role and mechanism of programmed death‑ligand 1 in hypoxia‑induced liver cancer immune escape (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Qingxian Wen
    • Tao Han
    • Zijian Wang
    • Shulong Jiang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 5, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11369
  • Pages: 2595-2601
  • Copyright: © Wen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Immune escape plays a vital role in the development of liver cancer. The interaction between programmed death‑ligand 1 (PD‑L1) and programmed cell death‑1 is a key mediator of cancer immune escape, which leads to the suppression of anticancer immunity and promotion of tumor progression. Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in the tumor microenvironment. Under hypoxic conditions, suppressive immune cells, such as regulatory T cells, myeloid‑derived suppressor cells and M2 macrophages, are frequently recruited to tumor tissues to form the immunosuppressive microenvironment in liver cancer. These cells secrete cancer‑promoting inflammatory cytokines, which activate the STAT3 and NF‑κB signaling pathways. Recent studies have shown that STAT3 is associated with NF‑κB and that these transcription factors are often co‑activated to regulate tumor proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and invasion. The activation of STAT3 and NF‑κB signaling pathways can directly and indirectly induce PD‑L1 expression. Therefore, further understanding of the association between hypoxia and PD‑L1 may help in the future treatment of liver cancer. The present review summarizes the recent progresses on PD‑L1‑mediated regulation and facilitation of liver cancer cell immune escape in response to hypoxia.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

April-2020
Volume 19 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wen Q, Han T, Wang Z and Jiang S: Role and mechanism of programmed death‑ligand 1 in hypoxia‑induced liver cancer immune escape (Review). Oncol Lett 19: 2595-2601, 2020
APA
Wen, Q., Han, T., Wang, Z., & Jiang, S. (2020). Role and mechanism of programmed death‑ligand 1 in hypoxia‑induced liver cancer immune escape (Review). Oncology Letters, 19, 2595-2601. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11369
MLA
Wen, Q., Han, T., Wang, Z., Jiang, S."Role and mechanism of programmed death‑ligand 1 in hypoxia‑induced liver cancer immune escape (Review)". Oncology Letters 19.4 (2020): 2595-2601.
Chicago
Wen, Q., Han, T., Wang, Z., Jiang, S."Role and mechanism of programmed death‑ligand 1 in hypoxia‑induced liver cancer immune escape (Review)". Oncology Letters 19, no. 4 (2020): 2595-2601. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11369