Neuroendocrine tumors of the gallbladder (Review)

Niu,Chunyuan; Wang,Shupeng; Guan,Qingchun; Ren,Xuekang; Ji,Bai; Liu,Yahui

doi:10.3892/ol.2020.11461

Neuroendocrine tumors of the gallbladder (Review)

Authors:
- Chunyuan Niu
- Shupeng Wang
- Qingchun Guan
- Xuekang Ren
- Bai Ji
- Yahui Liu
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Affiliations: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
Published online on: March 12, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11461
Pages: 3381-3388
Copyright: © Niu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

A gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasm (GB-NEN) is a unique heterogeneous neoplasm, originating from neuroendocrine cells and able to secrete peptides as its neurotransmitter. Among all the neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), the GB‑NEN prevalence is 0.5%, which accounts for ~2.1% of all gallbladder tumors. The current study aimed to present an up‑to‑date review of the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of NETs of the gallbladder. A systematic literature search was performed in order to identify all relevant studies published. Thus far, the etiology and pathogenesis of GB‑NEN remains unclear. Moreover, an ambiguous clinical manifestation exists as observed during laboratory examinations. As GB‑NEN is a rare gallbladder lesion and is seldom seen in clinical practice, there is a limited availability of review reports, and it is therefore often considered only as a case study. It is difficult to distinguish GB‑NEN from other gallbladder diseases using imaging diagnostic techniques. Although chemotherapy treatment provides prolonged progression‑free survival, surgery is considered the best option. Thus, to overcome the inherent risks or shortfalls of traditional surgery; early detection, diagnosis and treatment of GB‑NEN are required to improve patient longevity.

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