Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 20 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 20 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule L1 like expression levels and promotes malignancy in human glioma

  • Authors:
    • Wen‑Wen Lin
    • Guan‑Yong Ou
    • Jia‑Zhe Lin
    • San‑Jun Yi
    • Wei‑Cheng Yao
    • Hong‑Chao Pan
    • Wei‑Jiang Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, Neurosurgical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 326-336
    |
    Published online on: April 21, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11548
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Neural cell adhesion molecular L1‑like protein (CHL1) is a member of the cell adhesion molecule L1 family and serves an important role in the development and progression of tumors. The cytokine neuregulin 1 (NRG1) has been indicated in the tumorigenesis and promotion of metastasis through the modulation of L1. However, the roles of NRG1 in regulating CHL1 in glioma have not been elucidated. The present study investigated the protein expression levels and roles of CHL1 and the possible correlation between NRG1 and CHL1 protein expression levels in human gliomas, both in vivo and in vitro. Using immunohistochemistry coupled with a human glioma tissue microarray, it was demonstrated that the percentage of CHL1‑positive areas was the highest in grade II glioma tissues. Using immunofluorescence staining, a positive correlation was identified between the expression levels of CHL1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In addition, CHL1 downregulation also resulted in increased senescence of U‑87 MG human glioblastoma cells. In vitro, administration of NRG1α induced a significant increase in CHL1 protein expression levels in human glioma SHG‑44 and U251 cells and in human glioblastoma U‑87 MG cells, whereas NRG1β failed to increase CHL1 expression levels in U251 cells. These findings were further confirmed by the downregulation of NRG1 expression levels using small interfering RNA treatment, which resulted in the reduction of CHL1 protein expression levels in U‑87 MG cells. These data indicate that NRG1 can regulate CHL1 protein expression levels in gliomas, that it is correlated with malignancy, and that NRG1 may contribute to malignancy by upregulating CHL1 protein expression levels in glioma/glioblastoma cells.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Wen PY and Kesari S: Malignant gliomas in adults. N Engl J Med. 359:492–507. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Sathornsumetee S, Reardon DA, Desjardins A, Quinn JA, Vredenburgh JJ and Rich JN: Molecularly targeted therapy for malignant glioma. Cancer. 110:13–24. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Davis ME: Glioblastoma: Overview of disease and treatment. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 20 (5 Suppl):S2–S8. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K, et al: Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol. 10:459–466. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ostrom QT, Bauchet L, Davis FG, Deltour I, Fisher JL, Langer CE, Pekmezci M, Schwartzbaum JA, Turner MC, Walsh KM, et al: The epidemiology of glioma in adults: A ‘state of the science’ review. Neuro Oncol. 16:896–913. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Morgan MA and Canman CE: Replication stress: An achilles' heel of glioma cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Res. 78:6713–6716. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Weller M, van den Bent M, Tonn JC, Stupp R, Preusser M, Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal E, Henriksson R, Rhun EL, Balana C, Chinot O, et al: European association for neuro-oncology (EANO) guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of adult astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas. Lancet Oncol. 18:e315–e329. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Nilsson P, Gedda L, Sjöström A and Carlsson J: Effects of dextranation on the uptake of peptides in micrometastases: Studies on binding of EGF in tumor spheroids. Tumour Biol. 22:229–238. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Thuringer D, Hammann A, Benikhlef N, Fourmaux E, Bouchot A, Wettstein G, Solary E and Garrido C: Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by heat shock protein 90 via Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to the migration of glioblastoma cells. J Biol Chem. 286:3418–3428. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

O-charoenrat P, Rhys-Evans P, Court WJ, Box GM and Eccles SA: Differential modulation of proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase expression and invasion of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells by c-ErbB ligands. Clin Exp Metastasis. 17:631–639. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Forster JA, Paul AB, Harnden P and Knowles MA: Expression of NRG1 and its receptors in human bladder cancer. Br J Cancer. 104:1135–1143. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Cheng H, Terai M, Kageyama K, Ozaki S, McCue PA, Sato T and Aplin AE: Paracrine effect of NRG1 and HGF drives resistance to MEK inhibitors in metastatic uveal melanoma. Cancer Res. 75:2737–2748. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Yarden Y and Sliwkowski MX: Untangling the ErbB signalling network. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2:127–137. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Buonanno A and Fischbach GD: Neuregulin and ErbB receptor signaling pathways in the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 11:287–296. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Ritch PS, Carroll SL and Sontheimer H: Neuregulin-1 enhances survival of human astrocytic glioma cells. Glia. 51:217–228. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Senchenko VN, Krasnov GS, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV, Anedchenko EA, Braga EA, Pronina IV, Kondratieva TT, Ivanov SV, Zabarovsky ER and Lerman MI: Differential expression of CHL1 gene during development of major human cancers. PLoS One. 6:e156122011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Schmid RS and Maness PF: L1 and NCAM adhesion molecules as signaling coreceptors in neuronal migration and process outgrowth. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 18:245–250. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Panicker AK, Buhusi M, Thelen K and Maness PF: Cellular signalling mechanisms of neural cell adhesion molecules. Front Biosci. 8:d900–d911. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Sasaki H, Yoshida K, Ikeda E, Asou H, Inaba M, Otani M and Kawase T: Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule in astrocytic tumors: An inverse correlation with malignancy. Cancer. 82:1921–1931. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Long MJ, Wu FX, Li P, Liu M, Li X and Tang H: MicroRNA-10a targets CHL1 and promotes cell growth, migration and invasion in human cervical cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 324:186–196. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Liu Y, Yu Y, Schachner M and Zhao W: Neuregulin 1-β regulates cell adhesion molecule L1 expression in the cortex and hippocampus of mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 441:7–12. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Zhao WJ and Schachner M: Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule l1 expression in human glioma cells and promotes their migration as a function of malignancy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 72:244–255. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, von Deimling A, Figarella- Branger D, Cavenee WK, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Kleihues P and Ellison DW: The 2016 world health organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: A summary. Acta Neuropathol. 131:803–820. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Ritch PA, Carroll SL and Sontheimer H: Neuregulin-1 enhances motility and migration of human astrocytic glioma cells. J Biol Chem. 278:20971–20978. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Demyanenko GP, Schachner M, Anton E, Schmid R, Feng G, Sanes J and Maness PF: Close homolog of L1 modulates area-specific neuronal positioning and dendrite orientation in the cerebral cortex. Neuron. 44:423–437. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Sytnyk V, Leshchyns'ka I and Schachner M: Neural cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily regulate synapse formation, maintenance, and function. Trends Neurosci. 40:295–308. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

He LH, Ma Q, Shi YH, Ge J, Zhao HM, Li SF and Tong ZS: CHL1 is involved in human breast tumorigenesis and progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 438:433–438. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Yang Z, Xie Q, Hu CL, Jiang Q, Shen HF, Schachner M and Zhao WJ: CHL1 is expressed and functions as a malignancy promoter in glioma cells. Front Mol Neurosci. 10:3242017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell. 144:646–674. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Fan HC, Chen CM, Chi CS, Tsai JD, Chiang KL, Chang YK, Lin SZ and Harn HJ: Targeting telomerase and ATRX/DAXX inducing tumor senescence and apoptosis in the malignant glioma. Int J Mol Sci. 20(pii): E2002019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Debacq-Chainiaux F, Erusalimsky JD, Campisi J and Toussaint O: Protocols to detect senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta gal) activity, a biomarker of senescent cells in culture and in vivo. Nat Protoc. 4:1798–1806. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Alver TN, Lavelle TJ, Longva AS, Øy GF, Hovig E and Bøe SL: MITF depletion elevates expression levels of ERBB3 receptor and its cognate ligand NRG1-beta in melanoma. Oncotarget. 7:55128–55140. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Asati V, Mahapatra DK and Bharti SK: PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways inhibitors as anticancer agents: Structural and pharmacological perspectives. Eur J Med Chem. 109:314–341. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Zhao HF, Wang J, Shao W, Wu CP, Chen ZP, To ST and Li WP: Recent advances in the use of PI3K inhibitors for glioblastoma multiforme: Current preclinical and clinical development. Mol Cancer. 16:1002017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Li X, Wu C, Chen N, Gu H, Yen A, Cao L, Wang E and Wang L: PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and targeted therapy for glioblastoma. Oncotarget. 7:33440–33450. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Rodon J, Dienstmann R, Serra V and Tabernero J: Development of PI3K inhibitors: Lessons learned from early clinical trials. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 10:143–153. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yin F, Zhang JN, Wang SW, Zhou CH, Zhao MM, Fan WH, Fan M and Liu S: MiR-125a-3p regulates glioma apoptosis and invasion by regulating Nrg1. PLoS One. 10:e01167592015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Li Y, Li Y, Ge P and Ma C: MiR-126 regulates the ERK pathway via targeting KRAS to inhibit the glioma cell proliferation and invasion. Mol Neurobiol. 54:137–145. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Li B, Wang F, Liu N, Shen W and Huang T: Astragaloside IV inhibits progression of glioma via blocking MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 491:98–103. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lin WW, Ou GY, Lin JZ, Yi SJ, Yao WC, Pan HC and Zhao WJ: Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule L1 like expression levels and promotes malignancy in human glioma. Oncol Lett 20: 326-336, 2020.
APA
Lin, W., Ou, G., Lin, J., Yi, S., Yao, W., Pan, H., & Zhao, W. (2020). Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule L1 like expression levels and promotes malignancy in human glioma. Oncology Letters, 20, 326-336. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11548
MLA
Lin, W., Ou, G., Lin, J., Yi, S., Yao, W., Pan, H., Zhao, W."Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule L1 like expression levels and promotes malignancy in human glioma". Oncology Letters 20.1 (2020): 326-336.
Chicago
Lin, W., Ou, G., Lin, J., Yi, S., Yao, W., Pan, H., Zhao, W."Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule L1 like expression levels and promotes malignancy in human glioma". Oncology Letters 20, no. 1 (2020): 326-336. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11548
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lin WW, Ou GY, Lin JZ, Yi SJ, Yao WC, Pan HC and Zhao WJ: Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule L1 like expression levels and promotes malignancy in human glioma. Oncol Lett 20: 326-336, 2020.
APA
Lin, W., Ou, G., Lin, J., Yi, S., Yao, W., Pan, H., & Zhao, W. (2020). Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule L1 like expression levels and promotes malignancy in human glioma. Oncology Letters, 20, 326-336. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11548
MLA
Lin, W., Ou, G., Lin, J., Yi, S., Yao, W., Pan, H., Zhao, W."Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule L1 like expression levels and promotes malignancy in human glioma". Oncology Letters 20.1 (2020): 326-336.
Chicago
Lin, W., Ou, G., Lin, J., Yi, S., Yao, W., Pan, H., Zhao, W."Neuregulin 1 enhances cell adhesion molecule L1 like expression levels and promotes malignancy in human glioma". Oncology Letters 20, no. 1 (2020): 326-336. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11548
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team