Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 20 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2020 Volume 20 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Analysis of immune‑related signatures of colorectal cancer identifying two different immune phenotypes: Evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

  • Authors:
    • Gang Chen
    • Lin Wang
    • Tongwei Diao
    • Ying Chen
    • Chengbo Cao
    • Xindong Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anal and Intestinal Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277500, P.R. China, Department of Surgery Operating Room, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277500, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277500, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 517-524
    |
    Published online on: May 13, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11605
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of numerous types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients with CRC and deficient mismatch repair or high microsatellite instability could benefit from ICI treatment, although the response rate of most patients is low. Therefore, the immune subtyping of patients with CRC is required in order to determine the subtypes suitable for ICI treatment. The present study used a cohort of patients with CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to perform molecular subtyping, with results validated in three CRC cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Non‑negative matrix factorization was used to achieve consensus molecular subtyping. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion algorithm was used to predict potential ICI therapy responses and gene set enrichment analysis was performed to define different pathways associated with the immune response. Two distinct subtypes of CRC were finally identified in TCGA cohorts, which were characterized as significantly different prognostic subtypes (low‑risk and high‑risk subtypes). Higher expression of programmed death‑ligand 1, higher proportion of tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor mutation burden were significantly enriched in the low‑risk subtype. Further pathway analysis revealed that the low‑risk subtype was associated with immune response activation and signaling pathways involved in ‘antigen processing and presentation’. Three independent CRC cohorts were used to validate the above findings. In summary, two clinical CRC subtypes were identified, which are characterized by significantly different survival outcomes and immune infiltration patterns. The findings of the present study suggest that ICI treatment may be more effective in the low‑risk CRC subtype.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 68:394–424. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kamal Y, Schmit SL, Hoehn HJ, Amos CI and Frost HR: Transcriptomic differences between primary colorectal adenocarcinomas and distant metastases reveal metastatic colorectal cancer subtypes. Cancer Res. 79:4227–4241. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Rashid M, Vishwakarma RK, Deeb AM, Hussein MA and Aziz MA: Molecular classification of colorectal cancer using the gene expression profile of tumor samples. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 244:1005–1016. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Abdul Aziz NA, Mokhtar NM, Harun R, Mollah MM, Mohamed Rose I, Sagap I, Mohd Tamil A, Wan Ngah WZ and Jamal R: A 19-Gene expression signature as a predictor of survival in colorectal cancer. BMC Med Genomics. 9:582016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Chen H, Sun X, Ge W, Qian Y, Bai R and Zheng S: A seven-gene signature predicts overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 8:95054–95065. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, et al: Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 373:1627–1639. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, Crinò L, Eberhardt WE, Poddubskaya E, Antonia S, Pluzanski A, Vokes EE, Holgado E, et al: Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 373:123–135. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, Wagstaff J, Schadendorf D, Ferrucci PF, et al: Overall survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 377:1345–1356. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, Weber RW, Sosman JA, Haanen JB, Gonzalez R, Robert C, Schadendorf D, Hassel JC, et al: Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 363:711–723. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Cohen EEW, Soulières D, Le Tourneau C, Dinis J, Licitra L, Ahn MJ, Soria A, Machiels JP, Mach N, Mehra R, et al: Pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab for recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-040): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 393:156–167. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Bellmunt J, de Wit R, Vaughn DJ, Fradet Y, Lee JL, Fong L, Vogelzang NJ, Climent MA, Petrylak DP, Choueiri TK, et al: Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 376:1015–1026. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, George S, Hammers HJ, Srinivas S, Tykodi SS, Sosman JA, Procopio G, Plimack ER, et al: Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 373:1803–1813. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Overman MJ, McDermott R, Leach JL, Lonardi S, Lenz HJ, Morse MA, Desai J, Hill A, Axelson M, Moss RA, et al: Nivolumab in patients with metastatic DNA mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer (CheckMate 142): An open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 18:1182–1191. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Overman MJ, Lonardi S, Wong KYM, Lenz HJ, Gelsomino F, Aglietta M, Morse MA, Van Cutsem E, McDermott R, Hill A, et al: Durable clinical benefit with nivolumab plus ipilimumab in DNA mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 36:773–779. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Motzer RJ, Rini BI, McDermott DF, Arén Frontera O, Hammers HJ, Carducci MA, Salman P, Escudier B, Beuselinck B, Amin A, et al: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Extended follow-up of efficacy and safety results from a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 20:1370–1385. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, Schadendorf D, Dummer R, Smylie M, Rutkowski P, et al: Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 373:23–34. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Asaoka Y, Ijichi H and Koike K: PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med. 373:19792015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Garon EB, Rizvi NA, Hui R, Leighl N, Balmanoukian AS, Eder JP, Patnaik A, Aggarwal C, Gubens M, Horn L, et al: Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 372:2018–2028. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Van Allen EM, Miao D, Schilling B, Shukla SA, Blank C, Zimmer L, Sucker A, Hillen U, Foppen MHG, Goldinger SM, et al: Genomic correlates of response to CTLA-4 blockade in metastatic melanoma. Science. 350:207–211. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Bremnes RM, Busund LT, Kilvaer TL, Andersen S, Richardsen E, Paulsen EE, Hald S, Khanehkenari MR, Cooper WA, Kao SC and Dønnem T: The role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in development, progression, and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 11:789–800. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Rooney MS, Shukla SA, Wu CJ, Getz G and Hacohen N: Molecular and genetic properties of tumors associated with local immune cytolytic activity. Cell. 160:48–61. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Hu Y, Gaedcke J, Emons G, Beissbarth T, Grade M, Jo P, Yeager M, Chanock SJ, Wolff H, Camps J, et al: Colorectal cancer susceptibility loci as predictive markers of rectal cancer prognosis after surgery. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 57:140–149. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Tripathi MK, Deane NG, Zhu J, An H, Mima S, Wang X, Padmanabhan S, Shi Z, Prodduturi N, Ciombor KK, et al: Nuclear factor of activated T-cell activity is associated with metastatic capacity in colon cancer. Cancer Res. 74:6947–6957. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Allen WL, Dunne PD, McDade S, Scanlon E, Loughrey M, Coleman H, McCann C, McLaughlin K, Nemeth Z, Syed N, et al: Transcriptional subtyping and CD8 immunohistochemistry identifies poor prognosis stage II/III colorectal cancer patients who benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. JCO Precis Oncol. 2018:2018.

25 

Thorsson V, Gibbs DL, Brown SD, Wolf D, Bortone DS, Ou Yang TH, Porta-Pardo E, Gao GF, Plaisier CL, Eddy JA, et al: The immune landscape of cancer. Immunity. 48:812–830.e14. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Gaujoux R and Seoighe C: A flexible R package for nonnegative matrix factorization. BMC Bioinformatics. 11:3672010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Gao Y and Church G: Improving molecular cancer class discovery through sparse non-negative matrix factorization. Bioinformatics. 21:3970–3975. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Devarajan K: Nonnegative matrix factorization: An analytical and interpretive tool in computational biology. PLoS Comput Biol. 4:e10000292008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Jiang P, Gu S, Pan D, Fu J, Sahu A, Hu X, Li Z, Traugh N, Bu X, Li B, et al: Signatures of T cell dysfunction and exclusion predict cancer immunotherapy response. Nat Med. 24:1550–1558. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Newman AM, Liu CL, Green MR, Gentles AJ, Feng W, Xu Y, Hoang CD, Diehn M and Alizadeh AA: Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles. Nat Methods. 12:453–457. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Love MI, Huber W and Anders S: Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 15:5502014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W and Smyth GK: limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43:e472015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Liberzon A, Subramanian A, Pinchback R, Thorvaldsdottir H, Tamayo P and Mesirov JP: Molecular signatures database (MSigDB) 3.0. Bioinformatics. 27:1739–1740. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Schrock AB, Ouyang C, Sandhu J, Sokol E, Jin D, Ross JS, Miller VA, Lim D, Amanam I, Chao J, et al: Tumor mutational burden is predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in MSI-high metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 30:1096–1103. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Birkbak NJ, Kochupurakkal B, Izarzugaza JM, Eklund AC, Li Y, Liu J, Szallasi Z, Matulonis UA, Richardson AL, Iglehart JD and Wang ZC: Tumor mutation burden forecasts outcome in ovarian cancer with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. PLoS One. 8:e800232013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Zeng Z, Vo AH, Mao C, Clare SE, Khan SA and Luo Y: Cancer classification and pathway discovery using non-negative matrix factorization. J Biomed Inform. 96:1032472019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yang Z and Michailidis G: A non-negative matrix factorization method for detecting modules in heterogeneous omics multi-modal data. Bioinformatics. 32:1–8. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

38 

Eng SWM, Aeschlimann FA, van Veenendaal M, Berard RA, Rosenberg AM, Morris Q and Yeung RSM; ReACCh-Out Research Consortium, : Patterns of joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and prediction of disease course: A prospective study with multilayer non-negative matrix factorization. PLoS medicine. 16:e10027502019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Carbone DP, Reck M, Paz-Ares L, Creelan B, Horn L, Steins M, Felip E, van den Heuvel MM, Ciuleanu TE, Badin F, et al: First-line nivolumab in stage IV or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 376:2415–2426. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Hellmann MD, Ciuleanu TE, Pluzanski A, Lee JS, Otterson GA, Audigier-Valette C, Minenza E, Linardou H, Burgers S, Salman P, et al: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in lung cancer with a high tumor mutational burden. N Engl J Med. 378:2093–2104. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Yarchoan M, Hopkins A and Jaffee EM: Tumor mutational burden and response rate to PD-1 inhibition. N Engl J Med. 377:2500–2501. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Billingsley CC, Cohn DE, Mutch DG, Stephens JA, Suarez AA and Goodfellow PJ: Polymerase ε (POLE) mutations in endometrial cancer: Clinical outcomes and implications for Lynch syndrome testing. Cancer. 121:386–394. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Gridelli C, Ardizzoni A, Barberis M, Cappuzzo F, Casaluce F, Danesi R, Troncone G and De Marinis F: Predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: Results from an Experts Panel Meeting of the Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 6:373–386. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Kudryavtseva AV, Lukyanova EN, Kalinin DV, Zaretsky AR, Pokrovsky AV, Golovyuk AL, Fedorova MS, Pudova EA, Kharitonov SL, Pavlov VS, et al: Mutational load in carotid body tumor. BMC Med Genomics. 12 (Suppl 2):S392019. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Narayanan S, Kawaguchi T, Peng X, Qi Q, Liu S, Yan L and Takabe K: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages improve survival in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer. Sci Rep. 9:134552019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Mirjolet C, Charon-Barra C, Ladoire S, Arbez-Gindre F, Bertaut A, Ghiringhelli F, Leroux A, Peiffert D, Borg C, Bosset JF and Créhange G: Tumor lymphocyte immune response to preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: The LYMPHOREC study. Oncoimmunology. 7:e13964022018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Glaire MA, Domingo E, Sveen A, Bruun J, Nesbakken A, Nicholson G, Novelli M, Lawson K, Oukrif D, Kildal W, et al: Tumour-infiltrating CD8(+) lymphocytes and colorectal cancer recurrence by tumour and nodal stage. Br J Cancer. 121:474–482. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen G, Wang L, Diao T, Chen Y, Cao C and Zhang X: Analysis of immune‑related signatures of colorectal cancer identifying two different immune phenotypes: Evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Oncol Lett 20: 517-524, 2020.
APA
Chen, G., Wang, L., Diao, T., Chen, Y., Cao, C., & Zhang, X. (2020). Analysis of immune‑related signatures of colorectal cancer identifying two different immune phenotypes: Evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Oncology Letters, 20, 517-524. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11605
MLA
Chen, G., Wang, L., Diao, T., Chen, Y., Cao, C., Zhang, X."Analysis of immune‑related signatures of colorectal cancer identifying two different immune phenotypes: Evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy". Oncology Letters 20.1 (2020): 517-524.
Chicago
Chen, G., Wang, L., Diao, T., Chen, Y., Cao, C., Zhang, X."Analysis of immune‑related signatures of colorectal cancer identifying two different immune phenotypes: Evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy". Oncology Letters 20, no. 1 (2020): 517-524. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11605
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen G, Wang L, Diao T, Chen Y, Cao C and Zhang X: Analysis of immune‑related signatures of colorectal cancer identifying two different immune phenotypes: Evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Oncol Lett 20: 517-524, 2020.
APA
Chen, G., Wang, L., Diao, T., Chen, Y., Cao, C., & Zhang, X. (2020). Analysis of immune‑related signatures of colorectal cancer identifying two different immune phenotypes: Evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Oncology Letters, 20, 517-524. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11605
MLA
Chen, G., Wang, L., Diao, T., Chen, Y., Cao, C., Zhang, X."Analysis of immune‑related signatures of colorectal cancer identifying two different immune phenotypes: Evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy". Oncology Letters 20.1 (2020): 517-524.
Chicago
Chen, G., Wang, L., Diao, T., Chen, Y., Cao, C., Zhang, X."Analysis of immune‑related signatures of colorectal cancer identifying two different immune phenotypes: Evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy". Oncology Letters 20, no. 1 (2020): 517-524. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11605
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team