Mechanistic studies of cytotoxic activity of the mesoionic compound MIH 2.4Bl in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells

de Mascena Costa,Luciana Amaral; Debnath,Dipti; Harmon,Ashlyn   C.; de Sousa Araújo,Silvany; da Silva Souza,Helivaldo Diógenes; de Athayde Filho,Petrônio Filgueiras; Wischral,Aurea; Adrião Gomes Filho,Manoel; Mathis,J.   Michael

doi:10.3892/ol.2020.11763

Mechanistic studies of cytotoxic activity of the mesoionic compound MIH 2.4Bl in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells

Authors:
- Luciana Amaral de Mascena Costa
- Dipti Debnath
- Ashlyn C. Harmon
- Silvany de Sousa Araújo
- Helivaldo Diógenes da Silva Souza
- Petrônio Filgueiras de Athayde Filho
- Aurea Wischral
- Manoel Adrião Gomes Filho
- J. Michael Mathis
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Affiliations: Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171‑900, Brazil, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB 58051‑900, Brazil, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
Published online on: June 19, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11763
Pages: 2291-2301
Copyright: © de Mascena Costa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of a 1,3‑thiazolium‑5‑thiolate derivative of a mesoionic compound, MIH 2.4Bl, were assessed in the MCF‑7 breast cancer cell line. The cytotoxic effects of MIH 2.4Bl were determined using a crystal violet assay. Using a dose‑response curve, the IC50 value of MIH 2.4Bl was determined to be 45.8±0.8 µM. Additionally, the effects of MIH 2.4Bl on mitochondrial respiration were characterized using oxygen consumption rate analysis. Treating MCF‑7 cells with increasing concentrations of MIH 2.4Bl resulted in a significant reduction in all mitochondrial respiratory parameters compared with the control cells, indicative of an overall decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The induction of autophagy by MIH 2.4Bl was also examined by measuring changes in the expression of protein markers of autophagy. As shown by western blot analysis, treatment of MCF‑7 cells with MIH 2.4Bl resulted in increased protein expression levels of Beclin‑1 and ATG5, as well as an increase in the microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B)‑II to LC3B‑I ratio compared with the control cells. Microarray analysis of changes in gene expression following MIH 2.4Bl treatment demonstrated 3,659 genes exhibited a fold‑change ≥2. Among these genes, 779 were up‑regulated, and 2,880 were down‑regulated in cells treated with MIH 2.4Bl compared with the control cells. Based on the identity of the transcripts and fold‑change of expression, six genes were selected for verification by reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q)PCR; activating transcription factor 3, acidic repeat‑containing protein, heparin‑binding EGF‑like growth factor, regulator of G‑protein signaling 2, Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 and adhesion molecule with Ig like domain 2. The results of RT‑qPCR analysis of RNA isolated from control and MIH 2.4Bl treated cells were consistent with the expression changes identified by microarray analysis. Together, these results suggest that MIH 2.4Bl may be a promising candidate for treating breast cancer and warrants further in vitro and in vivo investigation.

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