γ‑H2AX as a potential indicator of radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer cells

Kawashima,Satoshi; Kawaguchi,Nao; Taniguchi,Kohei; Tashiro,Keitaro; Komura,Kazumasa; Tanaka,Tomohito; Inomata,Yosuke; Imai,Yoshiro; Tanaka,Ryo; Yamamoto,Masashi; Inoue,Yoshihiro; Lee,Sang‑Woong; Kawai,Masaru; Tanaka,Keitaro; Okuda,Junji; Uchiyama,Kazuhisa

doi:10.3892/ol.2020.11788

γ‑H2AX as a potential indicator of radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer cells

Authors:
- Satoshi Kawashima
- Nao Kawaguchi
- Kohei Taniguchi
- Keitaro Tashiro
- Kazumasa Komura
- Tomohito Tanaka
- Yosuke Inomata
- Yoshiro Imai
- Ryo Tanaka
- Masashi Yamamoto
- Yoshihiro Inoue
- Sang‑Woong Lee
- Masaru Kawai
- Keitaro Tanaka
- Junji Okuda
- Kazuhisa Uchiyama
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Affiliations: Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan, Translational Research Program, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan, Department of Advanced Medical Development, Osaka Medical College Hospital Cancer Center, Osaka 569‑8686, Japan
Published online on: June 26, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11788
Pages: 2331-2337
Copyright: © Kawashima et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Preoperative radiotherapy improves local disease control and disease‑free survival in patients with advanced rectal cancer; however, a reliable predictive biomarker for the effectiveness of irradiation has yet to be elucidated. Phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X (H2AX) to γ‑H2AX is induced by DNA double‑strand breaks and is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study aimed to clarify the relationship between γ‑H2AX expression and CRC radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. H2AX levels were analyzed in datasets obtained from cohort studies and γ‑H2AX expression was investigated by performing immunohistochemistry and western blotting using clinical CRC samples from patients without any preoperative therapy. In addition, the CRC cell lines WiDr and DLD‑1 were subjected to irradiation and/or small interfering RNA‑H2AX, after which the protein levels of γ‑H2AX were examined in samples obtained from patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy. To quantify the observable effect of treatment on cancer cells, outcomes were graded as follows: 1, mild; 2, moderate; and 3, marked, with defined signatures of cellular response. Datasets obtained from cohort studies demonstrated that H2AX mRNA levels were significantly upregulated and associated with distal metastasis and microsatellite instability in CRC tissues, in contrast to that of normal tissues. In addition, γ‑H2AX was overexpressed in clinical samples. In vitro, following irradiation, γ‑H2AX expression levels increased and cell viability decreased in a time‑dependent manner. Combined irradiation and γ‑H2AX knockdown reduced the viability of each cell line when compared with irradiation or γ‑H2AX knockdown alone. Furthermore, among clinical CRC samples from patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy, levels of γ‑H2AX in the grade 1 group were significantly higher than those in grade 2 or grade 3. In conclusion, γ‑H2AX may serve as a novel predictive marker and target for preoperative radiotherapy effectiveness in patients with CRC

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