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xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel‑resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Akiko Sugiyama
    • Tsuyoshi Ohta
    • Miyuki Obata
    • Kanako Takahashi
    • Manabu Seino
    • Satoru Nagase
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990‑9585, Japan
    Copyright: © Sugiyama et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 2689-2700
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    Published online on: July 6, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11813
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Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) is a primary antioxidant that protects cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS), and high levels of GSH promote cancer cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. The glutamine transporter xCT is essential for the intracellular synthesis of GSH, whereby xCT determines the intracellular redox balance. However, whether xCT inhibition can overcome GSH‑mediated resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in uterine serous carcinoma (USC) remains unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of the xCT inhibitor, sulfasalazine (SAS) on cytotoxicity in paclitaxel‑sensitive and ‑resistant USC cell lines. The molecular mechanism by which SAS induces ferroptotic cell death in paclitaxel‑resistant cells was assessed. The results of the cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that SAS was more cytotoxic in paclitaxel‑resistant cells compared with in ‑sensitive cells; however, paclitaxel cytotoxicity was not enhanced in either of the USC cell lines. Immunoblotting analysis and the cell death assays performed using ferroptosis inhibitors indicated that SAS‑mediated cell death was induced through ferroptosis, and not apoptosis, in paclitaxel‑resistant cells. Furthermore, ROS production was increased in paclitaxel‑resistant but not in ‑sensitive cells, even at low SAS concentration, and JNK was activated, which is a downstream target in the Ras signaling pathway. Knockdown of JNK reversed the inhibitory effect of SAS on cell proliferation and cell death. The synthetic lethal interaction between ROS accumulation and Ras effector JNK activation may be critical for enhancing the sensitivity to ferroptotic cell death mediated by xCT inhibitor, SAS. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that xCT inhibition may be an effective treatment for patients with recurrent paclitaxel‑resistant USC.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sugiyama A, Ohta T, Obata M, Takahashi K, Seino M and Nagase S: xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel‑resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma. Oncol Lett 20: 2689-2700, 2020.
APA
Sugiyama, A., Ohta, T., Obata, M., Takahashi, K., Seino, M., & Nagase, S. (2020). xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel‑resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 20, 2689-2700. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11813
MLA
Sugiyama, A., Ohta, T., Obata, M., Takahashi, K., Seino, M., Nagase, S."xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel‑resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma". Oncology Letters 20.3 (2020): 2689-2700.
Chicago
Sugiyama, A., Ohta, T., Obata, M., Takahashi, K., Seino, M., Nagase, S."xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel‑resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma". Oncology Letters 20, no. 3 (2020): 2689-2700. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11813
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Sugiyama A, Ohta T, Obata M, Takahashi K, Seino M and Nagase S: xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel‑resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma. Oncol Lett 20: 2689-2700, 2020.
APA
Sugiyama, A., Ohta, T., Obata, M., Takahashi, K., Seino, M., & Nagase, S. (2020). xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel‑resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 20, 2689-2700. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11813
MLA
Sugiyama, A., Ohta, T., Obata, M., Takahashi, K., Seino, M., Nagase, S."xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel‑resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma". Oncology Letters 20.3 (2020): 2689-2700.
Chicago
Sugiyama, A., Ohta, T., Obata, M., Takahashi, K., Seino, M., Nagase, S."xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine depletes paclitaxel‑resistant tumor cells through ferroptosis in uterine serous carcinoma". Oncology Letters 20, no. 3 (2020): 2689-2700. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11813
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