Open Access

Profiling of inhibitory immune checkpoints in glioblastoma: Potential pathogenetic players

  • Authors:
    • Salvo Danilo Lombardo
    • Alessia Bramanti
    • Rosella Ciurleo
    • Maria Sofia Basile
    • Manuela Pennisi
    • Rita Bella
    • Katia Mangano
    • Placido Bramanti
    • Ferdinando Nicoletti
    • Paolo Fagone
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: October 7, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12195
  • Article Number: 332
  • Copyright: © Lombardo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most frequent glial tumor, with almost 3 new cases per 100,000 people per year. Despite treatment, the prognosis for GBM patients remains extremely poor, with a median survival of 14.6 months, and a 5‑year survival less than 5%. It is generally believed that GBM creates a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, sustained by the expression of immune‑regulatory factors, including inhibitory immune checkpoints, on both infiltrating cells and tumor cells. However, the trials assessing the efficacy of current immune checkpoint inhibitors in GBM are still disappointing. In the present study, the expression levels of several inhibitory immune checkpoints in GBM (CD276, VTCN1, CD47, PVR, TNFRSF14, CD200, LGALS9, NECTIN2 and CD48) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential as prognostic and eventually, therapeutic targets. Among the investigated immune checkpoints, TNFRSF14 and NECTIN2 were identified as the most promising targets in GBM. In particular, a higher TNFRSF14 expression was associated with worse overall survival and disease‑free survival, and with a lower Th1 response.
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December-2020
Volume 20 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
Lombardo SD, Bramanti A, Ciurleo R, Basile MS, Pennisi M, Bella R, Mangano K, Bramanti P, Nicoletti F, Fagone P, Fagone P, et al: Profiling of inhibitory immune checkpoints in glioblastoma: Potential pathogenetic players. Oncol Lett 20: 332, 2020
APA
Lombardo, S.D., Bramanti, A., Ciurleo, R., Basile, M.S., Pennisi, M., Bella, R. ... Fagone, P. (2020). Profiling of inhibitory immune checkpoints in glioblastoma: Potential pathogenetic players. Oncology Letters, 20, 332. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12195
MLA
Lombardo, S. D., Bramanti, A., Ciurleo, R., Basile, M. S., Pennisi, M., Bella, R., Mangano, K., Bramanti, P., Nicoletti, F., Fagone, P."Profiling of inhibitory immune checkpoints in glioblastoma: Potential pathogenetic players". Oncology Letters 20.6 (2020): 332.
Chicago
Lombardo, S. D., Bramanti, A., Ciurleo, R., Basile, M. S., Pennisi, M., Bella, R., Mangano, K., Bramanti, P., Nicoletti, F., Fagone, P."Profiling of inhibitory immune checkpoints in glioblastoma: Potential pathogenetic players". Oncology Letters 20, no. 6 (2020): 332. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12195