Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
December-2020 Volume 20 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December-2020 Volume 20 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Molecular heterogeneity of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 in left‑ and right‑sided colon cancer

Corrigendum in: /10.3892/ol.2022.13597
  • Authors:
    • Jintian Song
    • Jianwei Yang
    • Rongbo Lin
    • Xiongchao Cai
    • Liang Zheng
    • Yigui Chen
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Abdominal Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 334
    |
    Published online on: October 7, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12197
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Molecular heterogeneity determines the differences in the pathological features, prognosis and survival after relapse when comparing left‑sided colon cancer (LCC) and right‑sided colon cancer (RCC). At present, the discrepancy in the underlying molecular events between the two types of colon cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study aimed to explore novel targets to predict the disease stage and prognosis of LCC and RCC. Expression analysis of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 (GNG4) was performed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Oncomine databases. Survival and association analyses were performed using GEPIA and the colon adenocarcinoma dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. GNG4‑positive cells in a tissue microarray were examined using immunohistochemistry. According to the GNG4 expression data from Caucasian patients included in the TCGA dataset, GNG4 was highly expressed and positively associated with pathological stage and overall survival (OS) rates in colon cancer. GNG4 expression was higher in LCC than in RCC. Patients with LCC with high GNG4 expression exhibited higher pathological stage and lower survival rates, whereas this was not observed in patients with RCC. In addition, the clinical tissues used in the microarray showed that GNG4 expression was increased in Chinese patients with LCC compared with that in patients with RCC. Consistently, GNG4 expression was negatively associated with OS in patients with LCC, but not in patients with RCC. However, no association was observed between GNG4 expression and the disease stage of colon cancer in both patients with LCC and RCC. Overall, the molecular heterogeneity of GNG4 in LCC and RCC suggests that GNG4 may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with LCC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, Ahnen DJ, Meester RGS, Barzi A and Jemal A: Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 67:177–193. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 70:7–30. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Dallas NA, Xia L, Fan F, Gray MJ, Gaur P, van Buren G II, Samuel S, Kim MP, Lim SJ and Ellis LM: Chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells, the cancer stem cell phenotype, and increased sensitivity to insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibition. Cancer Res. 69:1951–1957. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Aoyagi T, Terracina KP, Raza A and Takabe K: Current treatment options for colon cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis. World J Gastroentero. 20:12493–12500. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Brulé SY, Jonker DJ, Karapetis CS, OCallaghan CJ, Moore MJ, Wong R, Tebbutt NC, Underhill C, Yip D, Zalcberg JR, et al: Location of colon cancer (right-sided versus left-sided) as a prognostic factor and a predictor of benefit from cetuximab in NCIC CO.17. Eur J Cancer. 51:1405–1414. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Nitsche U, Stögbauer F, Späth C, Haller B, Wilhelm D, Friess H and Bader FG: Right sided colon cancer as a distinct histopathological subtype with reduced prognosis. Digest Surg. 33:157–163. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Xiang L, Zhan Q, Zhao XH, Wang YD, An SL, Xu YZ, Li AM, Gong W, Bai Y, Zhi FC and Liu SD: Risk factors associated with missed colorectal flat adenoma: A multicenter retrospective tandem colonoscopy study. World J Gastroentero. 20:10927–10937. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Weiss JM, Pfau PR, OConnor ES, King J, LoConte N, Kennedy G and Smith MA: Mortality by stage for right- versus left-sided colon cancer: Analysis of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-medicare data. J Clin Oncol. 29:4401–4409. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Yahagi M, Okabayashi K, Hasegawa H, Tsuruta M and Kitagawa Y: The worse prognosis of right-sided compared with left-sided colon cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 20:648–655. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Petrelli F, Tomasello G, Borgonovo K, Ghidini M, Turati L, Dallera P, Passalacqua R, Sgroi G and Barni S: Prognostic survival associated with left-sided vs. right-sided colon cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 3:211–219. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Lee GH, Malietzis G, Askari A, Bernardo D, Al-Hassi HO and Clark SK: Is right-sided colon cancer different to left-sided colorectal cancer?-A systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol. 41:300–308. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Slattery ML, Pellatt DF, Mullany LE, Wolff RK and Herrick JS: Gene expression in colon cancer: A focus on tumor site and molecular phenotype. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 54:527–541. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kalyanaraman S, Copeland NG, Gilbert DG, Jenkins NA and Gautam N: Structure and chromosomal localization of mouse G protein subunit gamma 4 gene. Genomics. 49:147–151. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Bonham LW, Evans DS, Liu Y, Cummings SR, Yaffe K and Yokoyama JS: Neurotransmitter pathway genes in cognitive decline during aging: Evidence for GNG4 and KCNQ2 Genes. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 33:153–165. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Shukla S, Pia Patric IR, Thinagararjan S, Srinivasan S, Mondal B, Hegde AS, Chandramouli BA, Santosh V, Arivazhagan A and Somasundaram K: A DNA methylation prognostic signature of glioblastoma: Identification of NPTX2-PTEN-NF-κB nexus. Cancer Res. 73:6563–6573. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Liao JQ, Chen Z, He QH, Liu YM and Wang J: Differential gene expression analysis and network construction of recurrent cardiovascular events. Mol Med Rep. 13:1746–1764. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Yang W, Ma J, Zhou W, Li Z, Zhou X, Cao B, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang Z, Zhang H, et al: Identification of hub genes and outcome in colon cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Manag Res. 11:323–338. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Chen L, Lu D, Sun K, Xu Y, Hu P, Li X and Xu F: Identification of biomarkers associated with diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. Gene. 692:119–125. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Tang ZF, Li CW, Kang BX, Gao G, Li C and Zhang ZM: GEPIA: A web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses. Nucleic Acids Res. 45:W98–W102. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Bufill JA: Colorectal cancer: Evidence for distinct genetic categories based on proximal or distal tumor location. Ann Intern Med. 113:779–788. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Hu W, Yang Y, Li X, Huang M, Xu F, Ge W, Zhang S and Zheng S: Multi-omics approach reveals distinct differences in left-and right-sided colon cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 16:476–485. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Gervaz P, Bucher P and Morel P: Two colons-two cancers: Paradigm shift and clinical implications. J Surg Oncol. 88:261–266. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Chu AN, Liu JW, Yuan Y and Gong YH: Comprehensive Analysis of Aberrantly Expressed ceRNA network in gastric cancer with and without H. pylori infection. J Cancer. 10:853–863. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Liu BX, Huang GJ and Cheng HB: Comprehensive analysis of core genes and potential mechanisms in rectal cancer. J Comput Biol. 26:1262–1277. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kishibuchi R, Kondo K, Soejima S, Tsuboi M, Kajiura K, Kawakami Y, Kawakita N, Sawada T, Toba H, Yoshida M, et al: DNA methylation of GHSR, GNG4, HOXD9 and SALL3 is a common epigenetic alteration in thymic carcinoma. Int J Oncol. 56:315–326. 2020.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Zhang Y, Fang L, Zang Y and Xu Z: Identification of core genes and key pathways via integrated analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation profiles in bladder cancer. Med Sci Monit. 24:3024–3033. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Govindarajan R, Posey J, Chao CY, Lu R, Jadhav T, Javed AY, Javed A, Mahmoud FA, Osarogiagbon RU and Manne U: A comparison of 12-gene colon cancer assay gene expression in African American and Caucasian patients with stage II colon cancer. BMC Cancer. 16:3682016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Mokarram P, Kumar K, Brim H, Naghibalhossaini F, Saberi-firoozi M, Nouraie M, Green R, Lee E, Smoot DT and Ashktorab H: Distinct high-profile methylated genes in colorectal cancer. PLoS One. 4:e70122009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Palma P, Cano C, Conde-Muiño R, Comino A, Bueno P, Ferrón JA and Cuadros M: Expression profiling of rectal tumors defines response to neoadjuvant treatment related genes. PLoS One. 9:e1121892014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Pal J, Patil V, Mondal B, Shukla S, Hegde AS, Arivazhagan A, Santosh V and Somasundaram K: Epigenetically silenced GNG4 inhibits SDF1α/CXCR4 signaling in mesenchymal glioblastoma. Genes Cancer. 7:136–147. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ding JL, Li Y, Fan HX, Xu W, Gao R, Bai S, Zhu Z, Yang W, Gong Y, Yang J and Zhou J: Knockdown of PSMC3IP suppresses the proliferation and xenografted tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell. J Cell Biochem. 120:5449–5458. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Maina EN, Morris MR, Zatyka M, Raval RR, Banks RE, Richards FM, Johnson CM and Maher ER: Identification of novel VHL target genes and relationship to hypoxic response pathways. Oncogene. 24:4549–4558. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Liang L, Zeng JH, Qin XG, Chen JQ, Luo DZ and Chen G: Distinguishable prognostic signatures of left- and right-sided colon cancer: A study based on sequencing data. Cell Physiol Biochem. 48:475–490. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Song J, Yang J, Lin R, Cai X, Zheng L and Chen Y: Molecular heterogeneity of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 in left‑ and right‑sided colon cancerCorrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2021.12488 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2022.13597. Oncol Lett 20: 334, 2020.
APA
Song, J., Yang, J., Lin, R., Cai, X., Zheng, L., & Chen, Y. (2020). Molecular heterogeneity of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 in left‑ and right‑sided colon cancerCorrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2021.12488 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2022.13597. Oncology Letters, 20, 334. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12197
MLA
Song, J., Yang, J., Lin, R., Cai, X., Zheng, L., Chen, Y."Molecular heterogeneity of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 in left‑ and right‑sided colon cancerCorrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2021.12488 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2022.13597". Oncology Letters 20.6 (2020): 334.
Chicago
Song, J., Yang, J., Lin, R., Cai, X., Zheng, L., Chen, Y."Molecular heterogeneity of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 in left‑ and right‑sided colon cancerCorrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2021.12488 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2022.13597". Oncology Letters 20, no. 6 (2020): 334. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12197
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Song J, Yang J, Lin R, Cai X, Zheng L and Chen Y: Molecular heterogeneity of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 in left‑ and right‑sided colon cancerCorrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2021.12488 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2022.13597. Oncol Lett 20: 334, 2020.
APA
Song, J., Yang, J., Lin, R., Cai, X., Zheng, L., & Chen, Y. (2020). Molecular heterogeneity of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 in left‑ and right‑sided colon cancerCorrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2021.12488 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2022.13597. Oncology Letters, 20, 334. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12197
MLA
Song, J., Yang, J., Lin, R., Cai, X., Zheng, L., Chen, Y."Molecular heterogeneity of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 in left‑ and right‑sided colon cancerCorrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2021.12488 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2022.13597". Oncology Letters 20.6 (2020): 334.
Chicago
Song, J., Yang, J., Lin, R., Cai, X., Zheng, L., Chen, Y."Molecular heterogeneity of guanine nucleotide binding‑protein γ subunit 4 in left‑ and right‑sided colon cancerCorrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2021.12488 Corrigendum in /10.3892/ol.2022.13597". Oncology Letters 20, no. 6 (2020): 334. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12197
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team