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Review Open Access

Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Meghana Manjunath
    • Bibha Choudhary
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India
    Copyright: © Manjunath et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
  • Article Number: 512
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    Published online on: May 5, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12773
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Abstract

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. It is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and accounts for 12‑20% of all breast cancer cases. TNBC is associated with younger age of onset, greater metastatic potential, higher incidence of relapse, and lower overall survival rates. Based on molecular phenotype, TNBC has been classified into six subtypes (BL1, BL2, M, MES, LAR, and IM). TNBC treatment is challenging due to its heterogeneity, highly invasive nature, and relatively poor therapeutics response. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are conventional strategies for the treatment of TNBC. Recent research in TNBC and mechanistic understanding of disease pathogenesis using cutting‑edge technologies has led to the unfolding of new lines of therapies that have been incorporated into clinical practice. Poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase and immune checkpoint inhibitors have made their way to the current TNBC treatment paradigm. This review focuses on the classification, features, and treatment progress in TNBC. Histological subtypes connected to recurrence, molecular classification of TNBC, targeted therapy for early and advanced TNBC, and advances in non‑coding RNA in therapy are the key highlights in this review.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Manjunath M and Choudhary B: Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies (Review). Oncol Lett 22: 512, 2021.
APA
Manjunath, M., & Choudhary, B. (2021). Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies (Review). Oncology Letters, 22, 512. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12773
MLA
Manjunath, M., Choudhary, B."Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies (Review)". Oncology Letters 22.1 (2021): 512.
Chicago
Manjunath, M., Choudhary, B."Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies (Review)". Oncology Letters 22, no. 1 (2021): 512. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12773
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Manjunath M and Choudhary B: Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies (Review). Oncol Lett 22: 512, 2021.
APA
Manjunath, M., & Choudhary, B. (2021). Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies (Review). Oncology Letters, 22, 512. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12773
MLA
Manjunath, M., Choudhary, B."Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies (Review)". Oncology Letters 22.1 (2021): 512.
Chicago
Manjunath, M., Choudhary, B."Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies (Review)". Oncology Letters 22, no. 1 (2021): 512. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12773
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