Open Access

Novel cytological model for the identification of early oral cancer diagnostic markers: The carcinoma sequence model

  • Authors:
    • Masami Kawaharada
    • Manabu Yamazaki
    • Satoshi Maruyama
    • Tatsuya Abé
    • Nyein Nyein Chan
    • Taiichi Kitano
    • Tadaharu Kobayashi
    • Takeyasu Maeda
    • Jun-Ichi Tanuma
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: January 11, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13196
  • Article Number: 76
  • Copyright: © Kawaharada et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Most oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) arise from a premalignant lesion, oral epithelial dysplasia; however, useful markers for the early detection of OSCC are lacking. The present study aimed to establish a novel experimental model to observe changes in the sequential expression patterns of mRNAs and proteins in a rat model of tongue cancer using liquid‑based cytology techniques. Cytology specimens were collected at 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 21 weeks from rats treated with 4‑nitroquinoline 1‑oxide to induce tongue cancer. The expression of candidate biomarkers was examined by performing immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. The percentage of positively stained nuclei was calculated as the labeling index (LI). All rats developed OSCC of the tongue at 21 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of bromodomain protein 4 (Brd4), c‑Myc and Tp53 were upregulated during the progression from negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Brd4‑ and c‑Myc‑LI increased in low‑grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high‑grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and SCC specimens. p53‑LI was significantly increased in SCC specimens. This novel experimental model allowed the observation of sequential morphological changes and the expression patterns of mRNAs and proteins during carcinogenesis. Combining immunocytochemistry with cytology‑based diagnoses may potentially improve the diagnostic accuracy of OSCC.
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March-2022
Volume 23 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
Kawaharada M, Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Abé T, Chan NN, Kitano T, Kobayashi T, Maeda T and Tanuma J: Novel cytological model for the identification of early oral cancer diagnostic markers: The carcinoma sequence model. Oncol Lett 23: 76, 2022
APA
Kawaharada, M., Yamazaki, M., Maruyama, S., Abé, T., Chan, N.N., Kitano, T. ... Tanuma, J. (2022). Novel cytological model for the identification of early oral cancer diagnostic markers: The carcinoma sequence model. Oncology Letters, 23, 76. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13196
MLA
Kawaharada, M., Yamazaki, M., Maruyama, S., Abé, T., Chan, N. N., Kitano, T., Kobayashi, T., Maeda, T., Tanuma, J."Novel cytological model for the identification of early oral cancer diagnostic markers: The carcinoma sequence model". Oncology Letters 23.3 (2022): 76.
Chicago
Kawaharada, M., Yamazaki, M., Maruyama, S., Abé, T., Chan, N. N., Kitano, T., Kobayashi, T., Maeda, T., Tanuma, J."Novel cytological model for the identification of early oral cancer diagnostic markers: The carcinoma sequence model". Oncology Letters 23, no. 3 (2022): 76. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2022.13196