Bacterial RNA virus MS2 exposure increases the expression of cancer progression genes in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line

Sanmukh,Swapnil Ganesh; Dos Santos,Nilton José; Barquilha,Caroline Nascimento; De Carvalho,Márcio; Dos Reis,Patricia Pintor; Delella,Flávia Karina; Carvalho,Hernandes F.; Latek,Dorota; Fehér,Tamás; Felisbino,Sérgio Luis

doi:10.3892/ol.2023.13672

Bacterial RNA virus MS2 exposure increases the expression of cancer progression genes in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line

Authors:
- Swapnil Ganesh Sanmukh
- Nilton José Dos Santos
- Caroline Nascimento Barquilha
- Márcio De Carvalho
- Patricia Pintor Dos Reis
- Flávia Karina Delella
- Hernandes F. Carvalho
- Dorota Latek
- Tamás Fehér
- Sérgio Luis Felisbino
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Affiliations: Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618‑689, Brazil, Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618‑687, Brazil, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083‑970, Brazil, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02‑093 Warsaw, Poland, Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
Published online on: January 17, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.13672
Article Number: 86
Copyright: © Sanmukh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Bacteriophages effectively counteract diverse bacterial infections, and their ability to treat most types of cancer has been explored using phage engineering or phage‑virus hybrid platforms. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the bacteriophage MS2 can affect the expression of genes associated with the proliferation and survival of LNCaP prostate epithelial cells. LNCaP cells were exposed to bacteriophage MS2 at a concentration of 1x107 plaque forming units/ml for 24‑48 h. After exposure, various cellular parameters, including cell viability, morphology, and changes in gene expression, were examined. MS2 affected cell viability adversely, reducing viability by 25% in the first 4 h of treatment; however, cell viability recovered within 24‑48 h. Similarly, the AKT, androgen receptor, integrin α5, integrin β1, MAPK1, MAPK3, STAT3, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor‑γ coactivator 1α genes, which are involved in various normal cellular processes and tumor progression, were significantly upregulated, whereas the expression levels of HSP90, ITGB5, ITGB3, HSP27, ITGAV, and PI3K genes were unchanged. Therefore, based on viability and gene expression changes, bacteriophage MS2 severely impaired LNCaP cells by reducing anchorage‑dependent survival and androgen signaling. A caveolin‑mediated endocytosis mechanism for MS2‑mediated signaling in prostate cancer cells was proposed based on reports involving bacteriophages T4, M13, and MS2, and their interactions with LNCaP and PC3 cell lines.

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