Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
July-2025 Volume 30 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2025 Volume 30 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mali Wang
    • Yuchun Zhu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 368
    |
    Published online on: May 27, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15114
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most prevalent endocrine tumors, and its incidence rates are increasing. Recent studies have shown that TC disrupts the gut microbiomes (GM) by influencing the levels of thyroid hormones, estrogen levels, weight and insulin resistance. Traditional treatments, including thyroid surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy and checkpoint inhibitors, also alter the GM. Additionally, GM affects the proliferation of TC by influencing chronic inflammation and metabolism (e.g., effects on short‑chain fatty acids and amino acid metabolism). Notable changes in the GM of patients with TC include increased numbers of Clostridium, Streptococcus, Proteus and Lachnospiraceae, and decreased numbers of Lactobacillus, Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae bacteria. In addition, the GM may serve as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and predicting metastasis in patients with TC, potentially enhancing diagnostic efficiency. Furthermore, the GM presents an opportunity to improve the efficacy of RAI therapy and immunotherapy in patients with TC. Probiotic combination approaches may also enhance clinical outcomes and the quality of life for individuals with TC. In conclusion, the present review discussed how there are bidirectional causal relationships between the GM and TC, emphasizing the role of the ‘gut‑thyroid’ axis. Clostridium, Streptococcus, Proteus and Lachnospiraceae may be potential risk factors, whereas Lactobacillus, Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae may have protective roles for TC. Further investigations into macrobiotics‑associated mechanisms should prove to be helpful in terms of optimizing strategies for the early prevention and treatment of TC.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Virili C, Fallahi P, Antonelli A, Benvenga S and Centanni M: Gut microbiota and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 19:293–300. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Shanahan F: The gut microbiota in 2011: Translating the microbiota to medicine. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 9:72–74. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Walsh CJ, Guinane CM, OToole PW and Cotter PD: Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota. FEBS Letters. 588:4120–4130. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Power SE, OToole PW, Stanton C, Ross RP and Fitzgerald GF: Intestinal microbiota, diet and health. Br J Nutr. 111:387–402. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Gao L, Wang JY, Ma SF and Li SJ: Research progress on the relationship between intestinal flora and thyroid-related diseases. J Shanxi Med Univ. 5:707–710. 2023.

6 

Kamada N, Chen GY, Inohara N and Núñez G: Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota. Nat Immunol. 14:685–690. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Sears CL and Garrett WS: Microbes, microbiota, and colon cancer. Cell Host Microbe. 15:317–328. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Schwabe RF and Jobin C: The microbiome and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 13:800–812. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Louis P, Hold GL and Flint HJ: The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Microbiol. 12:661–672. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Elinav E, Nowarski R, Thaiss CA, Hu B, Jin C and Flavell RA: Inflammation-induced cancer: Crosstalk between tumours, Immune cells and microorganisms. Nat Rev Cancer. 13:759–771. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Irrazábal T, Belcheva A, Girardin SE, Martin A and Philpott DJ: The multifaceted role of the intestinal microbiota in colon cancer. Mol Cell. 54:309–320. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

De Martel C, Ferlay J, Franceschi S, Vignat J, Bray F, Forman D and Plummer M: Global burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2008: A review and synthetic analysis. Lancet Oncol. 13:607–615. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Liu J, Luo M, Zhang Y, Cao G and Wang S: Association of high-risk human papillomavirus infection duration and cervical lesions with vaginal microbiota composition. Ann Transl Med. 8:11612020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Mitra A, MacIntyre DA, Ntritsos G, Smith A, Tsilidis KK, Marchesi JR, Bennett PR, Moscicki AB and Kyrgiou M: The vaginal microbiota associates with the regression of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 lesions. Nat Commun. 11:19992020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Tango CN, Seo SS, Kwon M, Lee DO, Chang HK and Kim MK: Taxonomic and functional differences in cervical microbiome associated with cervical cancer development. Sci Rep. 10:97202020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Wu S, Rhee KJ, Albesiano E, Rabizadeh S, Wu X, Yen HR, Huso DL, Brancati FL, Wick E, McAllister F, et al: A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses. Nat Med. 15:1016–1022. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Housseau F and Sears CL: Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)-mediated colitis in Min (Apc+/-) mice: A human commensal-based murine model of colon carcinogenesis. Cell Cycle. 9:3–5. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Liu Q, Sun W and Zhang H: Interaction of gut microbiota with endocrine homeostasis and thyroid cancer. Cancers. 14:26562022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Li JZ, Ma DS and Ma ZJ: Research progress on the correlation between intestinal flora and thyroid cancer. Chin J General Surg. 6:482–484. 2021.

20 

Xie Z, Zhou J, Zhang X and Li Z: Clinical potential of microbiota in thyroid cancer therapy. Biochimica Et Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 1870:1669712024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Cellini M, Santaguida MG, Virili C, Capriello S, Brusca N, Gargano L and Centanni M: Hashimotos thyroiditis and autoimmune gastritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 8:922017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Virili C and Centanni M: ‘With a little help from my friends’-The role of microbiota in thyroid hormone metabolism and enterohepatic recycling. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 458:39–43. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Jašarević E, Morrison KE and Bale TL: Sex differences in the gut microbiome-brain axis across the lifespan. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 371:201501222016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Covelli D and Ludgate M: The thyroid, the eyes and the gut: A possible connection. J Endocrinol Invest. 40:567–576. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Ishaq HM, Mohammad IS, Guo H, Shahzad M, Hou YJ, Ma C, Naseem Z, Wu X, Shi P and Xu J: Molecular estimation of alteration in intestinal microbial composition in Hashimotos thyroiditis patients. Biomed Pharmacother. 95:865–874. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhao F, Feng J, Li J, Zhao L, Liu Y, Chen H, Jin Y, Zhu B and Wei Y: Alterations of the gut microbiota in hashimotos thyroiditis patients. Thyroid. 28:175–186. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Du L, Li R, Ge M, Wang Y, Li H, Chen W and He J: Incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in China, 2008–2012. Chin J Cancer Res. 31:144–151. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Cabanillas ME, McFadden DG and Durante C: Thyroid cancer. Lancet. 388:2783–2795. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D and Bray: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 136:E359–E386. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Kitahara CM and Sosa JA: The changing incidence of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 12:646–653. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Lortet-Tieulent J, Franceschi S, Dal Maso L and Vaccarella S: Thyroid cancer ‘epidemic’ also occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Cancer. 144:2082–2087. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I and Jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 74:229–263. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Kim J, Gosnell JE and Roman SA: Geographic influences in the global rise of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 16:17–29. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Maruvada P, Leone V, Kaplan LM and Chang EB: The human microbiome and obesity: Moving beyond associations. Cell Host Microbe. 22:589–599. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Stefura T, Zapała B, Gosiewski T, Skomarovska O, Dudek A, Pędziwiatr M and Major P: Differences in compositions of oral and fecal microbiota between patients with obesity and controls. Medicina (Kaunas). 57:6782021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Dong T, Zhao F, Yuan K, Zhu X, Wang N, Xia F, Lu Y and Huang Z: Association between serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and salivary microbiome shifts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 11:6032912021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Nabhan F, Dedhia PH and Ringel MD: Thyroid cancer, recent advances in diagnosis and therapy. Int J Cancer. 149:984–992. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Lee J, Yun MJ, Nam KH, Chung WY, Soh EY and Park CS: Quality of life and effectiveness comparisons of thyroxine withdrawal, triiodothyronine withdrawal, and recombinant thyroid-stimulating hormone administration for low-dose radioiodine remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 20:173–179. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Schroeder PR, Haugen BR, Pacini F, Reiners C, Schlumberger M, Sherman SI, Cooper DS, SchuffK G, Braverman LE, Skarulis MC, et al: A comparison of short-term changes in health-related quality of life in thyroid carcinoma patients undergoing diagnostic evaluation with recombinant human thyrotropin compared with thyroid hormone withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91:878–884. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Rubic M, Kuna SK, Tesic V, Samardzic T, Despot M and Huic D: The most common factors influencing on quality of life of thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. Psychiatr Danub. 26:520–527. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Sigal GA, Tavoni TM, Silva BMO, Kalil Filho R, Brandão LG and Maranhão RC: Effects of Short-term hypothyroidism on the lipid transfer to High-density lipoprotein and other parameters related to lipoprotein metabolism in patients submitted to thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 29:53–58. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Singh R, Tandon A, Gupta SK and Saroja K: Optimal levothyroxine replacement adequately improves symptoms of hypothyroidism; residual symptoms need further evaluation for other than hypothyroidism causation. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 21:830–835. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Lin B, Zhao F, Liu Y, Wu X, Feng J, Jin X, Yan W, Guo X, Shi S, Li Z, et al: Randomized clinical trial: Probiotics alleviated Oral-Gut microbiota dysbiosis and thyroid hormone Withdrawal-related complications in thyroid cancer patients before radioiodine therapy following thyroidectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 13:8346742022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Feng J, Zhao F, Sun J, Lin B, Zhao L, Liu Y, Jin Y, Li S, Li A and Wei Y: Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of thyroid carcinoma patients. Int J Cancer. 144:2728–2745. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Feng Q, Liang S, Jia H, Stadlmayr A, Tang L, Lan Z, Zhang D, Xia H, Xu X, Jie Z, et al: Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Nat Commun. 6:65282015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Fuhrman BJ, Feigelson HS, Flores R, Gail MH, Xu X, Ravel J and Goedert JJ: Associations of the fecal microbiome with urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99:4632–4640. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Jeffery IB, OToole PW, Öhman L, Claesson MJ, Deane J, Quigley EM and Simrén M: An irritable bowel syndrome subtype defined by species-specific alterations in faecal microbiota. Gut. 61:997–1006. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Zhang J, Zhang F, Zhao C, Xu Q, Liang C, Yang Y, Wang H, Shang Y, Wang Y, Mu X, et al: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is associated with thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules and correlated with clinical index of thyroid function. Endocrine. 64:564–574. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Yu X, Jiang W, Kosik RO, Song Y, Luo Q, Qiao T, Tong J, Liu S, Deng C, Qin S, et al: Gut microbiota changes and its potential relations with thyroid carcinoma. J Adv Res. 35:61–70. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Lu G, Yu X, Jiang W, Luo Q, Tong J, Fan S, Chai L, Gao D, Qiao T, Wang R, et al: Alterations of gut microbiome and metabolite profiles associated with anabatic lipid dysmetabolism in thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 13:8931642022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Ishaq HM, Mohammad IS, Hussain R, Parveen R, Shirazi JH, Fan Y, Shahzad M, Hayat K, Li H, Ihsan A, et al: Gut-Thyroid axis: How gut microbial dysbiosis associated with euthyroid thyroid cancer. J Cancer. 13:2014–2028. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Quan Z, Zhang X, Wang S and Meng Y: Causal analysis of the gut microbiota in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Genetics. 14:12999302023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Sun X, Chen S, Zhao S, Wang J and Cheng H: Causal relationship of genetically predicted gut microbiota with thyroid cancer: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 15:12844722024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Hou T, Wang Q, Dai H, Hou Y, Zheng J, Wang T, Lin H, Wang S, Li M, Zhao Z, et al: Interactive association between gut microbiota and thyroid cancer. Endocrinology. 165:bqad1842023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Zhu F, Zhang P, Liu Y, Bao C, Qian D, Ma C, Li H and Yu T: Mendelian randomization suggests a causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and thyroid cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 13:12984432023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Zhou J, Zhang X, Xie Z and Li Z: Exploring reciprocal causation: Bidirectional mendelian randomization study of gut microbiota composition and thyroid cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 150:752024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Hu S, Tang C, Wang L, Feng F, Li X, Sun M and Yao L: Causal relationship between gut microbiota and differentiated thyroid cancer: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Oncol. 14:13755252024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Yan S, He J, Yu X, Shang J, Zhang Y, Bai H, Zhu X, Xie X and Lee L: Causal relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid nodules: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 15:14170092024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Knezevic J, Starchl C, Tmava Berisha A and Amrein K: Thyroid-gut-axis: How does the microbiota influence thyroid function? Nutrients. 12:17692020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Cao Y, Oh J, Xue M, Huh WJ, Wang J, Gonzalez-Hernandez JA, Rice TA, Martin AL, Song D, Crawford JM, et al: Commensal microbiota from patients with inflammatory bowel disease produce genotoxic metabolites. Science. 378:eabm32332022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Trapani KM, Boghossian LJ and Caskey E: Clostridium subterminale septicemia in a patient with metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2018:60315102018.PubMed/NCBI

62 

Dahmus JD, Kotler DL, Kastenberg DM and Kistler CA: The gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: A review of bacterial pathogenesis. J Gastrointest Oncol. 9:769–777. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Kostic AD, Chun E, Robertson L, Glickman JN, Gallini CA, Michaud M, Clancy TE, Chung DC, Lochhead P, Hold GL, et al: Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment. Cell Host Microbe. 14:207–215. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Fan Y, Mao R and Yang J: NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways collaboratively link inflammation to cancer. Protein Cell. 4:176–185. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Wang HP: Multiomics study on screening biomarkers for papillary thyroid cancer (Doctors thesis). China Medical University; Liaoning: 2024

66 

Zhang L, Chen J, Xu C, Qi L and Ren Y: Effects of iodine-131 radiotherapy on Th17/Tc17 and Treg/Th17 cells of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Exp Ther Med. 15:2661–2666. 2018.PubMed/NCBI

67 

Wang AY, Li CY, Xue G and Wang JF: The relationship between intestinal flora and thyroid disease. J Otorhinolaryngol Ophthalmol Shandong Univ. 1:132–139. 2023.

68 

McBrearty N, Arzumanyan A, Bichenkov E, Merali S, Merali C and Feitelson M: Short chain fatty acids delay the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBx transgenic mice. Neoplasia. 23:529–538. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Zhao H, Li H and Huang T: High urinary iodine, thyroid autoantibodies, and Thyroid-stimulating hormone for papillary thyroid cancer risk. Biol Trace Elem Res. 184:317–324. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Guerrero-Preston R, Godoy-Vitorino F, Jedlicka A, Rodríguez-Hilario A, González H, Bondy J, Lawson F, Folawiyo O, Michailidi C, Dziedzic A, et al: 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing identifies microbiota associated with oral cancer, human papilloma virus infection and surgical treatment. Oncotarget. 7:51320–51334. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Zhao J, Nian L, Kwok LY, Sun T and Zhao J: Reduction in fecal microbiota diversity and short-chain fatty acid producers in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected individuals as revealed by PacBio single molecule, real-time sequencing technology. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 36:1463–1472. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Wang YY, Zhang JY, Jin XR and Wang NP: Research progress on the relationship between intestinal flora and thyroid diseases. Prog Modern Gen Surg China. 26:793–796. 2023.

73 

Fröhlich E and Wahl R: Microbiota and thyroid interaction in health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 30:479–490. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Frank DN, St Amand AL, Feldman RA, Boedeker EC, Harpaz N and Pace NR: Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:13780–13785. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Lamberti C, Mangiapane E, Pessione A, Mazzoli R, Giunta C and Pessione E: Proteomic characterization of a selenium-metabolizing probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Lb26 BM for nutraceutical applications. Proteomics. 11:2212–2221. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Tam AA, Ozdemir D, Aydın C, Bestepe N, Ulusoy S, Sungu N, Ersoy R and Cakir B: Association between preoperative thyrotrophin and clinicopathological and aggressive features of papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine. 59:565–572. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Pushalkar S, Hundeyin M, Daley D, Zambirinis CP, Kurz E, Mishra A, Mohan N, Aykut B, Usyk M, Torres LE, et al: The pancreatic cancer microbiome promotes oncogenesis by induction of innate and adaptive immune suppression. Cancer Discov. 8:403–416. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Virili C, Stramazzo I, Bagaglini MF, Carretti AL, Capriello S, Romanelli F, Trimboli P and Centanni M: The relationship between thyroid and human-associated microbiota: A systematic review of reviews. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 25:215–237. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Kiss B, Mikó E, Sebő É, Toth J, Ujlaki G, Szabó J, Uray K, Bai P and Árkosy P: Oncobiosis and microbial metabolite signaling in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 12:10682020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Pitt JM, Vétizou M, Gomperts Boneca I, Lepage P, Chamaillard M and Zitvogel L: Enhancing the clinical coverage and anticancer efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade through manipulation of the gut microbiota. Oncoimmunology. 6:e11321372017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Wang SP, Rubio LA, Duncan SH, Donachie GE, Holtrop G, Lo G, Farquharson FM, Wagner J, Parkhill J, Louis P, et al: Pivotal roles for pH, Lactate, and Lactate-utilizing bacteria in the stability of a human colonic microbial ecosystem. mSystems. 5:e00645–e00620. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Hu S, Liu L, Chang EB, Wang JY and Raufman JP: Butyrate inhibits pro-proliferative miR-92a by diminishing c-Myc-induced miR-17-92a cluster transcription in human colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer. 14:1802015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Li M, van Esch BCAM, Henricks PAJ, Garssen J and Folkerts G: Time and concentration dependent effects of short chain fatty acids on lipopolysaccharide- or tumor necrosis factor α-Induced endothelial activation. Front Pharmacol. 9:2332018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Zhang JT, Yi M, Li ZJ and Sun SX: Research progress on the mechanism of butyrate in inflammatory response. J Immunology. 12:1101–1104. 2015.

85 

Zhou L, Zhang M, Wang Y, Dorfman RG, Liu H, Yu T, Chen X, Tang D, Xu L, Yin Y, et al: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii produces butyrate to maintain Th17/Treg balance and to ameliorate colorectal colitis by inhibiting histone deacetylase 1. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 24:1926–1940. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

86 

Rathod M, Kelkar M, Valvi S, Salve G and De A: FOXA1 Regulation turns Benzamide HDACi treatment effect-specific in BC, Promoting NIS gene-mediated targeted radioiodine therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 19:93–104. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

Greenberg VL, Williams JM, Cogswell JP, Mendenhall M and Zimmer SG: Histone deacetylase inhibitors promote apoptosis and differential cell cycle arrest in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Thyroid. 11:315–325. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

88 

Xiao X, Ning L and Chen H: Notch1 mediates growth suppression of papillary and follicular thyroid cancer cells by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther. 8:350–356. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Duan H, Wang L, Huangfu M and Li H: The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother. 165:1152762023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

Shen WT, Wong TS, Chung WY, Wong MG, Kebebew E, Duh QY and Clark OH: Valproic acid inhibits growth, induces apoptosis, and modulates apoptosis-regulatory and differentiation gene expression in human thyroid cancer cells. Surgery. 138:979–985. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Aponte-López A, Fuentes-Pananá EM, Cortes-Muñoz D and Muñoz-Cruz S: Mast cell, the neglected member of the tumor microenvironment: Role in breast cancer. J Immunol Res. 2018:25842432018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

Revilla G, Pons MP, Baila-Rueda L, García-León A, Santos D, Cenarro A, Magalhaes M, Blanco RM, Moral A, Ignacio Pérez J, et al: Cholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol promote thyroid carcinoma aggressiveness. Sci Rep. 9:102602019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

93 

Shang X, Zhong X and Tian X: Metabolomics of papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues: Potential biomarkers for diagnosis and promising targets for therapy. Tumour Biol. 37:11163–11175. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

94 

Li JZ: Research on the correlation between papillary thyroid carcinoma and intestinal flora (Masters thesis). QingHai University; Xining: 2023

95 

Mahfoudi R, Djeridane A, Benarous K, Gaydou EM and Yousfi M: Structure-activity relationships and molecular docking of thirteen synthesized flavonoids as horseradish peroxidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem. 74:201–211. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

96 

Danilovic DLS, Ferraz-de-Souza B, Fabri AW, Santana NO, Kulcsar MA, Cernea CR, Marui S and Hoff AO: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and TSH as risk factors or prognostic markers in thyroid carcinoma. PLoS One. 11:e01645502016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

97 

Huang NS, Chen XX, Wei WJ, Mo M, Chen JY, Ma B, Yang SW, Xu WB, Wu J, Ji QH, et al: Association between breast cancer and TC: A study based on 13 978 patients with breast cancer. Cancer Med. 7:6393–6400. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

98 

Ervin SM, Li H, Lim L, Roberts LR, Liang X, Mani S and Redinbo MR: Gut microbial β-glucuronidases reactivate estrogens as components of the estrobolome that reactivate estrogens. J Biol Chem. 294:18586–18599. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

99 

Pollet RM, DAgostino EH, Walton WG, Xu Y, Little MS, Biernat KA, Pellock SJ, Patterson LM, Creekmore BC, Isenberg HN, et al: An atlas of β-Glucuronidases in the human intestinal microbiome. Structure. 25:967–977.e5. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

Rubio GA, Catanuto P, Glassberg MK, Lew JI and Elliot SJ: Estrogen receptor subtype expression and regulation is altered in papillary thyroid cancer after menopause. Surgery. 163:143–149. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

101 

Qiu YB, Liao LY, Jiang R, Xu M, Xu LW, Chen GG and Liu ZM: PES1 promotes the occurrence and development of papillary thyroid cancer by upregulating the ERα/ERβ protein ratio. Sci Rep. 9:10322019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

102 

Wang Z, He L, Sun W, Qin Y, Dong W, Zhang T, Zhang P and Zhang H: miRNA-299-5p regulates estrogen receptor alpha and inhibits migration and invasion of papillary thyroid cancer cell. Cancer Manag Res. 10:6181–6193. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

103 

Vannucchi G, De Leo S, Perrino M, Rossi S, Tosi D, Cirello V, Colombo C, Bulfamante G, Vicentini L and Fugazzola L: Impact of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression on the clinical and molecular features of papillary thyroid cancer. Eur J Endocrinol. 173:29–36. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

104 

He Q, Sun H, Li F and Liang N: Obesity and risk of differentiated thyroid cancer: A large-scale case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 91:869–878. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

105 

Riva A, Borgo F, Lassandro C, Verduci E, Morace G, Borghi E and Berry D: Pediatric obesity is associated with an altered gut microbiota and discordant shifts in Firmicutes populations. Environ Microbiol. 19:95–105. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

106 

Watanabe H, Katsura T, Takahara M, Miyashita K, Katakami N, Matsuoka TA, Kawamori D and Shimomura I: Plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein level statistically mediates between body mass index and chronic microinflammation in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetol Int. 11:293–297. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

107 

De Melo TG, Souza AL, Ficher E, Fernandes AM, Montali Da Assumpção LV, Monte Alegre S and Zantut-Wittmann DE: Reduced insulin sensitivity in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with suppressed TSH. Endo Res. 43:73–79. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

108 

Heidari Z, Abdani M and Mansournia MA: Insulin resistance associated with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Penalized conditional logistic regression analysis of a matched case-control study data. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 16:e145452018.PubMed/NCBI

109 

Knuppel A, Fensom GK, Watts EL, Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Papier K, Perez-Cornago A, Schmidt JA, Smith Byrne K, Travis RC and Key TJ: Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor-I concentrations and risk of 30 cancers: Prospective analyses in UK Biobank. Cancer Res. 80:4014–4021. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

110 

Vella V and Malaguarnera R: The emerging role of insulin receptor isoforms in TC: Clinical implications and new perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 19:38142018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

111 

Manzella L, Massimino M, Stella S, Tirrò E, Pennisi MS, Martorana F, Motta G, Vitale SR, Puma A, Romano C, et al: Activation of the IGF axis in thyroid cancer: Implications for tumorigenesis and treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 20:32582019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

112 

Li YH, Gao XF, Guo TT, Zhang J, Zhang CZ and Li J: Research progress on the mechanism of obesity combined with thyroid cancer. Chin J Gen Surg. 4:311–315. 2023.

113 

Song YC, Yu XQ and Li D: Structural changes of gut microbiota in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with postoperative hypothyroidism. J Tongji Univ. 2:144–151. 2019.

114 

Tang YJ: Relationships of Preoperative Gut Microbiota and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Female Patients Undergoing Thyroid Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study (Masters thesis). Fujian Medicine University; Fuzhou, China: 2023

115 

Spaggiari G, Brigante G, De Vincentis S, Cattini U, Roli L, De Santis MC, Baraldi E, Tagliavini S, Varani M, Trenti T, et al: Probiotics ingestion does not directly affect thyroid hormonal parameters in hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 8:3162017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

116 

Ludgate ME, Masetti G and Soares P: The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 20:511–525. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

117 

Chen D, Wu J, Jin D, Wang B and Cao H: Fecal microbiota transplantation in cancer management: Current status and perspectives. Int J Cancer. 145:2021–2031. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

118 

Routy B, Le Chatelier E, Derosa L, Duong CPM, Alou MT, Daillère R, Fluckiger A, Messaoudene M, Rauber C, Roberti MP, et al: Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science. 359:91–97. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

119 

Zheng L, Zhang L, Tang L, Huang D, Pan D, Guo W, He S, Huang Y, Chen Y, Xiao X, et al: Gut microbiota is associated with response to 131I therapy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 50:1453–1465. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

120 

Moshkelgosha S, Verhasselt HL, Masetti G, Covelli D, Biscarini F, Horstmann M, Daser A, Westendorf AM, Jesenek C, Philipp S, et al: Modulating gut microbiota in a mouse model of Graves orbitopathy and its impact on induced disease. Microbiome. 9:452021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Su X, Yin X, Liu Y, Yan X, Zhang S, Wang X, Lin Z, Zhou X, Gao J, Wang Z and Zhang Q: Gut dysbiosis contributes to the imbalance of Treg and Th17 cells in graves disease patients by propionic acid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 105:dgaa5112020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

122 

Su X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ma S and Wang Z: Gut dysbiosis is associated with primary hypothyroidism with interaction on gut-thyroid axis. Clin Sci (Lond). 134:1521–1535. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

123 

Docimo G, Cangiano A, Romano RM, Pignatelli MF, Offi C, Paglionico VA, Galdiero M, Donnarumma G, Nigro V, Esposito D, et al: The Human Microbiota in endocrinology: Implications for pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis in thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 11:5865292020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

124 

Lin JD, Chao TC, Huang MJ, Weng HF and Tzen KY: Use of RAI for thyroid remnant ablation in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma to replace thyroid reoperation. Am J Clin Oncol. 21:77–81. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

125 

Lu G, Gao D, Liu Y, Yu X, Jiang W and Lv Z: Early and long-term responses of intestinal microbiota and metabolites to 131I treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer patients. BMC Medicine. 22:3002024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

126 

Luster M, Clarke SE, Dietlein M, Lassmann M, Lind P, Oyen WJG, Tennvall J and Bombardieri E; European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), : Guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 35:1941–1959. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

127 

Panebianco C, Andriulli A and Pazienza V: Pharmacomicrobiomics: Exploiting the drug-microbiota interactions in anticancer therapies. Microbiome. 6:922018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

128 

Lin B, Zhao F, Liu Y, Sun J, Feng J, Zhao L, Wang H, Chen H, Yan W, Guo X, et al: Alterations in oral microbiota of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients with xerostomia after radioiodine therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 13:8959702022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

129 

Feller L, Altini M and Lemmer J: Inflammation in the context of oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 49:887–892. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

130 

Atarashi K, Suda W, Luo C, Kawaguchi T, Motoo I, Narushima S, Kiguchi Y, Yasuma K, Watanabe E, Tanoue T, et al: Ectopic colonization of oral bacteria in the intestine drives TH1 cell induction and inflammation. Science. 358:359–365. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

131 

Larsen JM: The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease. Immunology. 151:363–374. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

132 

Mahowald MA, Rey FE, Seedorf H, Turnbaugh PJ, Fulton RS, Wollam A, Shah N, Wang C, Magrini V, Wilson RK, et al: Characterizing a model human gut microbiota composed of members of its two dominant bacterial phyla. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:5859–5864. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

133 

Lu G, Gao D, Jiang W, Yu X, Tong J, Liu X, Qiao T, Wang R, Zhang M, Wang S, et al: Disrupted gut microecology after high-dose 131I therapy and radioprotective effects of arachidonic acid supplementation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 51:2395–2408. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

134 

Samimi H and Haghpanah V: Gut microbiome and radioiodine-refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma pathophysiology. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 31:627–630. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

135 

Coerts HI, de Keizer B, Marlowe RJ and Verburg FA: Recombinant or endogenous TSH for RAI therapy in thyroid cancer: State of knowledge and current controversies. Eur J Endocrinol. 188:lvad0062023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

136 

Horvath E, Skoknic V, Majlis S, Tala H, Silva C, Castillo E, Whittle C, Niedmann JP and González P: Radioiodine-induced salivary gland damage detected by ultrasonography in patients treated for papillary TC: Radioactive iodine activity and risk. Thyroid. 30:1646–1655. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

137 

Sunavala-Dossabhoy G and Petti S: Effect of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone on long-term salivary gland dysfunction in thyroid cancer patients treated with RAI. A systematic review. Oral Oncol. 136:1062802023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

138 

Sivan A, Corrales L, Hubert N, Williams JB, Aquino-Michaels K, Earley ZM, Benyamin FW, Lei YM, Jabri B, Alegre ML, et al: Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science. 350:1084–1089. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

139 

Shi X, Yu PC, Lei BW, Li CW, Zhang Y, Tan LC, Shi RL, Wang J, Ma B, Xu WB, et al: Association between programmed death-ligand 1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, structural recurrence, and biochemical recurrence/persistent disease in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 29:1269–1278. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

140 

Capdevila J, Wirth LJ, Ernst T, Ponce Aix S, Lin CC, Ramlau R, Butler MO, Delord JP, Gelderblom H, Ascierto PA, et al: PD-1 blockade in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 38:2620–2627. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

141 

Xu JW and Gu J: Research progress on the relationship between intestinal flora and thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2:176–180. 2021.

142 

Schlumberger M and Leboulleux S: Current practice in patients with differentiated TC. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 17:176–188. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang M and Zhu Y: Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review). Oncol Lett 30: 368, 2025.
APA
Wang, M., & Zhu, Y. (2025). Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review). Oncology Letters, 30, 368. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15114
MLA
Wang, M., Zhu, Y."Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review)". Oncology Letters 30.1 (2025): 368.
Chicago
Wang, M., Zhu, Y."Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review)". Oncology Letters 30, no. 1 (2025): 368. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15114
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang M and Zhu Y: Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review). Oncol Lett 30: 368, 2025.
APA
Wang, M., & Zhu, Y. (2025). Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review). Oncology Letters, 30, 368. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15114
MLA
Wang, M., Zhu, Y."Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review)". Oncology Letters 30.1 (2025): 368.
Chicago
Wang, M., Zhu, Y."Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review)". Oncology Letters 30, no. 1 (2025): 368. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15114
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team