Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Letters
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
Journal Cover
September-2025 Volume 30 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2025 Volume 30 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Research progress on evaluation methods for skeletal muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Wei Wu
    • Min Liu
    • Qin Zeng
    • Chenyi Tang
    • Jiaqi Huo
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology and Urology Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, Hunan 411100, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 423
    |
    Published online on: July 3, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15169
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Sarcopenia, characterized by the age‑related decline in muscle mass and function, especially in cancer patients, demands accurate diagnostic measures. Recent literature reflects a paradigm shift towards more accessible and diverse assessment tools. Traditional methods such as dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry and bioimpedance analysis offer precise measurements but are limited by equipment availability. By contrast, calf circumference, a simple and quick measure, has emerged as a strong predictor of overall muscle mass and health outcomes, including mortality. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia has refined diagnostic criteria, emphasizing the universality of calf circumference across ethnicities. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide detailed assessments but are less accessible. Ultrasound serves as a non‑invasive, portable alternative, enabling standardized muscle evaluation. Innovative self‑screening tools such as the Yubi‑wakka test and a simple questionnaire of sarcopenia, enhance clinical utility by identifying muscle abnormalities. The integration of these methods heralds a new era in sarcopenia diagnosis, facilitating early detection and timely intervention. The imperative for future research lies in optimizing these techniques for clinical practice and elucidating their predictive capabilities across diverse populations.
View Figures

Figure 1

PRISMA flow diagram of literature
search and article selection. PRISMA, preferred reporting items for
systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
View References

1 

Cruz-Jentoft AJ and Sayer AA: Sarcopenia. Lancet. 393:2636–2646. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Damluji AA, Alfaraidhy M, AlHajri N, Rohant NN, Kumar M, Al Malouf C, Bahrainy S, Ji Kwak M, Batchelor WB, Forman DE, et al: Sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation. 147:1534–1553. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Sayer AA and Cruz-Jentoft A: Sarcopenia definition, diagnosis and treatment: Consensus is growing. Age and ageing. 51:afac2202022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Zhang FM, Wu HF, Shi HP, Yu Z and Zhuang CL: Sarcopenia and malignancies: Epidemiology, clinical classification and implications. Ageing Res Rev. 91:1020572023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Fang P, Zhou J, Xiao X, Yang Y, Luan S, Liang Z, Li X, Zhang H, Shang Q, Zeng X and Yuan Y: The prognostic value of sarcopenia in oesophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 14:3–16. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Chang KV, Chen JD, Wu WT, Huang KC, Hsu CT and Han DS: Association between loss of skeletal muscle mass and mortality and tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Liver Cancer. 7:90–103. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Nipp RD, Fuchs G, El-Jawahri A, Mario J, Troschel FM, Greer JA, Gallagher ER, Jackson VA, Kambadakone A, Hong TS, et al: Sarcopenia is associated with quality of life and depression in patients with advanced cancer. Oncologist. 23:97–104. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhan Y, Pan Z, Liu Q and Yuan W: Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor of adverse effects and mortality in patients with tumour: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 15:2295–2310. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Yuan S and Larsson SC: Epidemiology of sarcopenia: Prevalence, risk factors, and consequences. Metabolism. 144:1555332023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyere O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, et al: Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 48:6012019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Dent E, Woo J, Scott D and Hoogendijk EO: Sarcopenia measurement in research and clinical practice. Eur J Intern Med. 90:1–9. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Gonzalez MC, Mehrnezhad A, Razaviarab N, Barbosa-Silva TG and Heymsfield SB: Calf circumference: Cutoff values from the NHANES 1999–2006. Am J Clin Nutr. 113:1679–1687. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Champaiboon J, Petchlorlian A, Manasvanich BA, Ubonsutvanich N, Jitpugdee W, Kittiskulnam P, Wongwatthananart S, Menorngwa Y, Pornsalnuwat S and Praditpornsilpa K: Calf circumference as a screening tool for low skeletal muscle mass: Cut-off values in independent Thai older adults. BMC Geriatr. 23:8262023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Kiss CM, Bertschi D, Beerli N, Berres M, Kressig RW and Fischer AM: Calf circumference as a surrogate indicator for detecting low muscle mass in hospitalized geriatric patients. Aging Clin Exp Res. 36:252024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K, Jang HC, Kang L, Kim M, Kim S, et al: Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 21:300–307.e2. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Oh MH, Shin HE, Kim KS, Won CW and Kim M: Combinations of sarcopenia diagnostic criteria by asian working group of sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 guideline and incident adverse health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 24:1185–1192. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Sri-On J, Fusakul Y, Kredarunsooksree T, Paksopis T and Ruangsiri R: The prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia among Thai community-dwelling older adults as defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS-2019) criteria: A cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 22:7862022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Kawakami R, Miyachi M, Sawada SS, Torii S, Midorikawa T, Tanisawa K, Ito T, Usui C, Ishii K, Suzuki K, et al: Cut-offs for calf circumference as a screening tool for low muscle mass: WASEDA's Health study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 20:943–950. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Özcan B, Güner M, Ceylan S, Öztürk Y, Girgin S, Okyar Baş A, Koca M, Balcı C, Doğu BB, Cankurtaran M, et al: Calf circumference predicts sarcopenia in maintenance hemodialysis. Nutr Clin Pract. 39:193–201. 2024.

20 

Xu JY, Zhu MW, Zhang H, Li L, Tang PX, Chen W and Wei JM: A Cross-Sectional study of GLIM-defined malnutrition based on new validated calf circumference Cut-off values and different screening tools in hospitalised patients over 70 years old. J Nutr Health Aging. 24:832–838. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Rigby L, Frey M, Alexander KL and De Carvalho D: Monitoring calf circumference: Changes during prolonged constrained sitting. Ergonomics. 65:631–641. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Landi F, Russo A, Liperoti R, Pahor M, Tosato M, Capoluongo E, Bernabei R and Onder G: Midarm muscle circumference, physical performance and mortality: Results from the aging and longevity study in the Sirente geographic area (ilSIRENTE study). Clin Nutr. 29:441–447. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Carnevale V, Castriotta V, Piscitelli PA, Nieddu L, Mattera M, Guglielmi G and Scillitani A: Assessment of skeletal muscle mass in older people: Comparison between 2 Anthropometry-based methods and Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 19:793–796. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Gort-van Dijk D, Weerink LBM, Milovanovic M, Haveman JW, Hemmer PHJ, Dijkstra G, Lindeboom R and Campmans-Kuijpers MJE: Bioelectrical impedance analysis and Mid-upper arm muscle circumference can be used to detect low muscle mass in clinical practice. Nutrients. 13:23502021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Tanaka T, Takahashi K, Akishita M, Tsuji T and Iijima K: ‘Yubi-wakka’ (finger-ring) test: A practical self-screening method for sarcopenia, and a predictor of disability and mortality among Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 18:224–232. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Lawongsa K, Srisuwan P, Tejavanija S and Gesakomol K: Sensitivity and specificity of Yubi-wakka (finger-ring) screening method for sarcopenia among older Thai adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 24:263–268. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Hiraoka A, Izumoto H, Ueki H, Yoshino T, Aibiki T, Okudaira T, Yamago H, Suga Y, Iwasaki R, Tomida H, et al: Easy surveillance of muscle volume decline in chronic liver disease patients using finger-circle (yubi-wakka) test. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 10:347–354. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Hiraoka A, Nagamatsu K, Izumoto H, Yoshino T, Adachi T, Tsuruta M, Aibiki T, Okudaira T, Yamago H, Suga Y, et al: SARC-F combined with a simple tool for assessment of muscle abnormalities in outpatients with chronic liver disease. Hepatol Res. 50:502–511. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Nishikawa H, Yoh K, Enomoto H, Nishimura T, Nishiguchi S and Iijima H: Clinical impact of the finger-circle test in patients with liver diseases. Hepatol Res. 51:603–613. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Meerkerk CDA, Chargi N, de Jong PA, van den Bos F and de Bree R: Low skeletal muscle mass predicts frailty in elderly head and neck cancer patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 279:967–977. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Albano D, Messina C, Vitale J and Sconfienza LM: Imaging of sarcopenia: Old evidence and new insights. Eur Radiol. 30:2199–2208. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

O'Brien ME, Zou RH, Hyre N, Leader JK, Fuhrman CR, Sciurba FC, Nouraie M and Bon J: CT pectoralis muscle area is associated with DXA lean mass and correlates with emphysema progression in a Tobacco-exposed cohort. Thorax. 78:394–401. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Huang W, Tan P, Zhang H, Li Z, Lin H, Wu Y, Du Q, Wu Q, Cheng J, Liang Y and Pan Y: Skeletal muscle mass measurement using Cone-beam computed tomography in patients with head and neck cancer. Front Oncol. 12:9029662022. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Yoon JK, Jang JY, An YS and Lee SJ: Skeletal muscle mass at C3 may not be a strong predictor for skeletal muscle mass at L3 in sarcopenic patients with head and neck cancer. PLoS One. 16:e02548442021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Xiao Y, Xiao-Yue Z, Yue W, Ruo-Tao L, Xiang-Jie L, Xing-Yuan W, Qian W, Xiao-Hua Q and Zhen-Yi J: Use of computed tomography for the diagnosis of surgical sarcopenia: Review of recent research advances. Nutr Clin Pract. 37:583–593. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Codari M, Zanardo M, di Sabato ME, Nocerino E, Messina C, Sconfienza LM and Sardanelli F: MRI-derived biomarkers related to sarcopenia: A systematic review. J Magn Reson Imaging. 51:1117–1127. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Pishgar F, Shabani M, Quinaglia ACST, Bluemke DA, Budoff M, Barr RG, Allison MA, Post WS, Lima JAC and Demehri S: Quantitative analysis of adipose depots by using chest CT and associations with All-cause mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Longitudinal analysis from MESArthritis ancillary study. Radiology. 299:703–711. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Lieffers JR, Reiman T, McCargar LJ and Baracos VE: A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 33:997–1006. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Tagliafico AS, Bignotti B, Torri L and Rossi F: Sarcopenia: How to measure, when and why. Radiol Med. 127:228–237. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ, Reiman T, Sawyer MB, Martin L and Baracos VE: Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: A population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 9:629–635. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Martin L, Birdsell L, Macdonald N, Reiman T, Clandinin MT, McCargar LJ, Murphy R, Ghosh S, Sawyer MB and Baracos VE: Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: Skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index. J Clin Oncol. 31:1539–1547. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

42 

Jin Y, Ma X, Yang Z and Zhang N: Low L3 skeletal muscle index associated with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 14:697–705. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Ufuk F, Herek D and Yuksel D: Diagnosis of sarcopenia in head and neck computed tomography: Cervical muscle mass as a strong indicator of sarcopenia. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 12:317–324. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Swartz JE, Pothen AJ, Wegner I, Smid EJ, Swart KM, de Bree R, Leenen LP and Grolman W: Feasibility of using head and neck CT imaging to assess skeletal muscle mass in head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol. 62:28–33. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

45 

Jung AR, Roh JL, Kim JS, Choi SH, Nam SY and Kim SY: Efficacy of head and neck computed tomography for skeletal muscle mass estimation in patients with head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol. 95:95–99. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

46 

Lin SC, Lin YS, Kang BH, Yin CH, Chang KP, Chi CC, Lin MY, Su HH, Chang TS, She YY, et al: Sarcopenia results in poor survival rates in oral cavity cancer patients. Clin Otolaryngol. 45:327–333. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

47 

Gronberg BH, Sjoblom B, Wentzel-Larsen T, Baracos VE, Hjermstad MJ, Aass N, Bremnes RM, Fløtten Ø, Bye A and Jordhøy M: A comparison of CT based measures of skeletal muscle mass and density from the Th4 and L3 levels in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr. 73:1069–1076. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Neefjes ECW, van den Hurk RM, Blauwhoff-Buskermolen S, van der Vorst M, Becker-Commissaris A, de van der Schueren MAE, Buffart LM and Verheul HMW: Muscle mass as a target to reduce fatigue in patients with advanced cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 8:623–629. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Matsuyama R, Maeda K, Yamanaka Y, Ishida Y, Kato R, Nonogaki T, Shimizu A, Ueshima J, Kazaoka Y, Hayashi T, et al: Assessing skeletal muscle mass based on the cross-sectional area of muscles at the 12th thoracic vertebra level on computed tomography in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 113:1051262021. View Article : Google Scholar

50 

Gaszynska E, Godala M, Szatko F and Gaszynski T: Masseter muscle tension, chewing ability, and selected parameters of physical fitness in elderly care home residents in Lodz, Poland. Clin Interv Aging. 9:1197–1203. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Yamaguchi K, Tohara H, Hara K, Nakane A, Yoshimi K, Nakagawa K and Minakuchi S: Factors associated with masseter muscle quality assessed from ultrasonography in community-dwelling elderly individuals: A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 82:128–1232. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Hwang Y, Lee YH, Cho DH, Kim M, Lee DS and Cho HJ: Applicability of the masseter muscle as a nutritional biomarker. Medicine. 99:e190692020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Chang SW, Tsai YH, Hsu CM, Huang EI, Chang GH, Tsai MS and Tsai YT: Masticatory muscle index for indicating skeletal muscle mass in patients with head and neck cancer. PLoS One. 16:e02514552021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Tsai PS, Lin DC, Jan YT, Liu YP, Wu TH and Huang SC: Lower-extremity muscle wasting in patients with peripheral arterial disease: Quantitative measurement and evaluation with CT. Eur Radiol. 33:4063–4072. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar

55 

Perkisas S, Bastijns S, Baudry S, Bauer J, Beaudart C, Beckwee D, Cruz-Jentoft A, Gasowski J, Hobbelen H and Jager-Wittenaar H: Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update. Eur Geriatr Med. 12:45–59. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Perkisas S, Baudry S, Bauer J, Beckwee D, De Cock AM, Hobbelen H, Jager-Wittenaar H, Kasiukiewicz A, Landi F, Marco E, et al: Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: Towards standardized measurements. Eur Geriatr Med. 9:739–757. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Cheng KY, Chow SK, Hung VW, Wong CH, Wong RM, Tsang CS, Kwok T and Cheung WH: Diagnosis of sarcopenia by evaluating skeletal muscle mass by adjusted bioimpedance analysis validated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 12:2163–2173. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Walowski CO, Braun W, Maisch MJ, Jensen B, Peine S, Norman K, Müller MJ and Bosy-Westphal A: Reference values for skeletal muscle mass-current concepts and methodological considerations. Nutrients. 12:7552020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Marini ACB, Perez DRS, Fleuri JA and Pimentel GD: SARC-F is better correlated with muscle function indicators than muscle mass in older hemodialysis patients. J Nutr Health Aging. 24:999–1002. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Lee YA, Kim HN and Song SW: Associations between hair mineral concentrations and skeletal muscle mass in korean adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 26:515–520. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Kim M and Won CW: Sarcopenia in Korean Community-dwelling adults aged 70 years and older: Application of screening and diagnostic tools from the asian working group for sarcopenia 2019 update. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 21:752–758. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar

62 

Janssen I, Baumgartner RN, Ross R, Rosenberg IH and Roubenoff R: Skeletal muscle cutpoints associated with elevated physical disability risk in older men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 159:413–421. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

63 

Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Morley JE, Newman AB, Abellan van Kan G, Andrieu S, Bauer J, Breuille D, et al: Sarcopenia: An undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: Prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 12:249–256. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

64 

Kim S, Kim M, Lee Y, Kim B, Yoon TY and Won CW: Calf circumference as a simple screening marker for diagnosing sarcopenia in older korean adults: The Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS). J Korean Med Sci. 33:e1512018. View Article : Google Scholar

65 

Sergi G, De Rui M, Veronese N, Bolzetta F, Berton L, Carraro S, Bano G, Coin A, Manzato E and Perissinotto E: Assessing appendicular skeletal muscle mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis in free-living Caucasian older adults. Clin Nutr. 34:667–673. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Lee MM, Jebb SA, Oke J and Piernas C: Reference values for skeletal muscle mass and fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance in 390 565 UK adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 11:487–496. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Harvey NC, Kanis JA, Liu E, Johansson H, Lorentzon M and McCloskey E: Appendicular lean mass and fracture risk assessment: Implications for FRAX® and sarcopenia. Osteoporos Int. 30:537–539. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

68 

Yamada Y, Yamada M, Yoshida T, Miyachi M and Arai H: Validating muscle mass cutoffs of four international sarcopenia-working groups in Japanese people using DXA and BIA. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 12:1000–1010. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Barbosa-Silva TG, Bielemann RM, Gonzalez MC and Menezes AM: Prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling elderly of a medium-sized South American city: Results of the COMO VAI? study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 7:136–143. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Wang L, Zhu B, Xue C, Lin H, Zhou F and Luo Q: A prospective cohort study evaluating impact of sarcopenia on hospitalization in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Sci Rep. 14:169262024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Benz E, Pinel A, Guillet C, Capel F, Pereira B, De Antonio M, Pouget M, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Eglseer D, Topinkova E, et al: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and mortality among older people. JAMA Netw Open. 7:e2436042024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Kirk B, Cawthon PM, Arai H, Avila-Funes JA, Barazzoni R, Bhasin S, Binder EF, Bruyere O, Cederholm T, Chen LK, et al: The conceptual definition of sarcopenia: Delphi consensus from the global leadership initiative in sarcopenia (GLIS). Age Ageing. 53:afae0522024. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Morley JE, Abbatecola AM, Argiles JM, Baracos V, Bauer J, Bhasin S, Cederholm T, Coats AJ, Cummings SR, Evans WJ, et al: Sarcopenia with limited mobility: An international consensus. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 12:403–449. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

74 

Mizuno T, Matsui Y, Tomida M, Suzuki Y, Ishizuka S, Watanabe T, Takemura M, Nishita Y, Tange C, Shimokata H, et al: Relationship between quadriceps muscle computed tomography measurement and motor function, muscle mass, and sarcopenia diagnosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 14:12593502023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Landi F, Schneider SM, Zuniga C, Arai H, Boirie Y, Chen LK, Fielding RA, Martin FC, Michel JP, et al: Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: A systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age Ageing. 43:748–759. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Cawthon PM, Peters KW, Shardell MD, McLean RR, Dam TT, Kenny AM, Fragala MS, Harris TB, Kiel DP, Guralnik JM, et al: Cutpoints for low appendicular lean mass that identify older adults with clinically significant weakness. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 69:567–575. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

77 

McGovern J, Dolan RD, Horgan PG, Laird BJ and McMillan DC: Computed tomography-defined low skeletal muscle index and density in cancer patients: Observations from a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 12:1408–1417. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Ubachs J, Ziemons J, Minis-Rutten IJG, Kruitwagen R, Kleijnen J, Lambrechts S, Olde Damink SWM, Rensen SS and Van Gorp T: Sarcopenia and ovarian cancer survival: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 10:1165–1174. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Muraki I: Muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia: A narrative review. JMA J. 6:381–386. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Li C, Huang Y, Wang H, Lu J and He B: Application of imaging methods and the latest progress in sarcopenia. Chin J Academic Radiol. 7:15–27. 2024. View Article : Google Scholar

81 

Fernandes DPS, Juvanhol LL, Lozano M and Ribeiro AQ: Calf circumference is an independent predictor of mortality in older adults: An approach with generalized additive models. Nutr Clin Pract. 37:1190–1198. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar

82 

Pagotto V, Santos KFD, Malaquias SG, Bachion MM and Silveira EA: Calf circumference: Clinical validation for evaluation of muscle mass in the elderly. Rev Bras Enferm. 71:322–328. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Maeda K, Koga T, Nasu T, Takaki M and Akagi J: Predictive accuracy of calf circumference measurements to detect decreased skeletal muscle mass and European society for clinical nutrition and metabolism-defined malnutrition in hospitalized older patients. Ann Nutr Metab. 71:10–15. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Kawakami R, Murakami H, Sanada K, Tanaka N, Sawada SS, Tabata I, Higuchi M and Miyachi M: Calf circumference as a surrogate marker of muscle mass for diagnosing sarcopenia in Japanese men and women. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 15:969–976. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

85 

Sahin MEH, Akbas F, Yardimci AH and Sahin E: The effect of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on survival in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer. 23:9112023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

86 

Sealy MJ, Dechaphunkul T, van der Schans CP, Krijnen WP, Roodenburg JLN, Walker J, Jager-Wittenaar H and Baracos VE: Low muscle mass is associated with early termination of chemotherapy related to toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer. Clin Nutr. 39:501–509. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

van der Kroft G, van Dijk DPJ, Rensen SS, Van Tiel FH, de Greef B, West M, Ostridge K, Dejong CHC, Neumann UP and Olde Damink SWM: Low thoracic muscle radiation attenuation is associated with postoperative pneumonia following partial hepatectomy for colorectal metastasis. HPB (Oxford). 22:1011–1019. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

88 

Li Y, Wang WB, Jiang HG, Dai J, Xia L, Chen J, Xie CH, Peng J, Liao ZK, Gao Y, et al: Predictive value of pancreatic dose-volume metrics on sarcopenia rate in gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Clin Nutr. 38:1713–1720. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Blauwhoff-Buskermolen S, Langius JAE, Becker A, Verheul HMW and de van der Schueren MAE: The influence of different muscle mass measurements on the diagnosis of cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 8:615–622. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

Tao J, Fang J, Chen L, Liang C, Chen B, Wang Z, Wu Y and Zhang J: Increased adipose tissue is associated with improved overall survival, independent of skeletal muscle mass in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 14:2591–2601. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Pineda-Zuluaga MC, Gonzalez-Correa CH and Sepulveda-Gallego LE: Cut-off points for low skeletal muscle mass in older adults: Colombia versus other populations. F1000Res. 11:3042022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

Bulut EA, Soysal P, Dokuzlar O, Kocyigit SE, Aydin AE, Yavuz I and Isik AT: Validation of population-based cutoffs for low muscle mass and strength in a population of Turkish elderly adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 32:1749–1755. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

93 

Bjorkman MP, Pitkala KH, Jyvakorpi S, Strandberg TE and Tilvis RS: Bioimpedance analysis and physical functioning as mortality indicators among older sarcopenic people. Exp Gerontol. 122:42–46. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar

94 

Han DS, Chang KV, Li CM, Lin YH, Kao TW, Tsai KS, Wang TG and Yang WS: Skeletal muscle mass adjusted by height correlated better with muscular functions than that adjusted by body weight in defining sarcopenia. Sci Rep. 6:194572016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

95 

Bahat G, Tufan A, Tufan F, Kilic C, Akpinar TS, Kose M, Erten N, Karan MA and Cruz-Jentoft AJ: Cut-off points to identify sarcopenia according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition. Clin Nutr. 35:1557–1563. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wu W, Liu M, Zeng Q, Tang C and Huo J: Research progress on evaluation methods for skeletal muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia (Review). Oncol Lett 30: 423, 2025.
APA
Wu, W., Liu, M., Zeng, Q., Tang, C., & Huo, J. (2025). Research progress on evaluation methods for skeletal muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia (Review). Oncology Letters, 30, 423. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15169
MLA
Wu, W., Liu, M., Zeng, Q., Tang, C., Huo, J."Research progress on evaluation methods for skeletal muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia (Review)". Oncology Letters 30.3 (2025): 423.
Chicago
Wu, W., Liu, M., Zeng, Q., Tang, C., Huo, J."Research progress on evaluation methods for skeletal muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia (Review)". Oncology Letters 30, no. 3 (2025): 423. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15169
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu W, Liu M, Zeng Q, Tang C and Huo J: Research progress on evaluation methods for skeletal muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia (Review). Oncol Lett 30: 423, 2025.
APA
Wu, W., Liu, M., Zeng, Q., Tang, C., & Huo, J. (2025). Research progress on evaluation methods for skeletal muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia (Review). Oncology Letters, 30, 423. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15169
MLA
Wu, W., Liu, M., Zeng, Q., Tang, C., Huo, J."Research progress on evaluation methods for skeletal muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia (Review)". Oncology Letters 30.3 (2025): 423.
Chicago
Wu, W., Liu, M., Zeng, Q., Tang, C., Huo, J."Research progress on evaluation methods for skeletal muscle mass assessment in sarcopenia (Review)". Oncology Letters 30, no. 3 (2025): 423. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15169
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team