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Reduction in surgical scope after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer

  • Authors:
    • Wenyi Liu
    • Jinming Tang
    • Xu Li
    • Lianghui Gong
    • Desong Yang
    • Hui Yin
    • Wenxiang Wang
    • Baihua Zhang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 501
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    Published online on: August 27, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15247
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Abstract

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is a crucial treatment modality for patients with resectable non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whilst neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy enables tumor downstaging, the impact of reducing the surgical scope (such as from pneumonectomy to lobectomy) on safety and efficacy remains unvalidated in real‑world settings. The present study aimed to use real‑world data to compare the safety and long‑term efficacy of several surgical methods following neoadjuvant treatment. Clinical data from 195 patients with NSCLC who were hospitalized between December 2018 and February 2022 were collected for retrospective analysis. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy, followed by curative surgery. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the type of surgery performed as follows: Lobectomy group (n=137), reduced surgical scope group (initially assessed as requiring pneumonectomy but ultimately undergoing lobectomy or bilobectomy, including those downgraded to bilobectomy from pneumonectomy; n=42) and pneumonectomy group (n=16). Perioperative data, tumor recurrence rates and long‑term survival outcomes among the three groups were compared. The results demonstrated that severe postoperative complications occurred in 29 (21.2%), 6 (14.3%) and 4 (25%) patients in each group, respectively (P=0.542). Only one patient in the pneumonectomy group died within 30 days after surgery due to severe pulmonary infection. Postoperatively, 15 (10.9%), 6 (14.3%) and 5 (31.3%) patients in each group required intensive care unit care, respectively (P=0.076). The median postoperative hospital stay (interquartile range) was 6 (5‑8), 6 (6‑7) and 8 (7‑10) days for each group, respectively (P<0.05). Postoperative pathological evaluation revealed that 75 (54.7%), 28 (66.7%) and 6 (37.5%) patients in each group achieved a pathological complete response or major pathological response, respectively (P=0.114). During follow‑up, recurrence was observed in 35 (25.5%), 6 (14.3%) and 5 (31.3%) patients in each group, respectively (P=0.454). There was no statistically significant difference in disease‑free survival or overall survival among the three surgical approaches (P=0.22 and P=0.47, respectively). In conclusion, reducing the extent of surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in select patients with NSCLC appears safe and effective, warranting further investigation and prospective validation.
View Figures

Figure 1

Kaplan-Meier curves of DFS. DFS,
disease-free survival.

Figure 2

Kaplan-Meier curves of OS. OS,
overall survival.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu W, Tang J, Li X, Gong L, Yang D, Yin H, Wang W and Zhang B: Reduction in surgical scope after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 30: 501, 2025.
APA
Liu, W., Tang, J., Li, X., Gong, L., Yang, D., Yin, H. ... Zhang, B. (2025). Reduction in surgical scope after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncology Letters, 30, 501. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15247
MLA
Liu, W., Tang, J., Li, X., Gong, L., Yang, D., Yin, H., Wang, W., Zhang, B."Reduction in surgical scope after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer". Oncology Letters 30.5 (2025): 501.
Chicago
Liu, W., Tang, J., Li, X., Gong, L., Yang, D., Yin, H., Wang, W., Zhang, B."Reduction in surgical scope after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer". Oncology Letters 30, no. 5 (2025): 501. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15247
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu W, Tang J, Li X, Gong L, Yang D, Yin H, Wang W and Zhang B: Reduction in surgical scope after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 30: 501, 2025.
APA
Liu, W., Tang, J., Li, X., Gong, L., Yang, D., Yin, H. ... Zhang, B. (2025). Reduction in surgical scope after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncology Letters, 30, 501. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15247
MLA
Liu, W., Tang, J., Li, X., Gong, L., Yang, D., Yin, H., Wang, W., Zhang, B."Reduction in surgical scope after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer". Oncology Letters 30.5 (2025): 501.
Chicago
Liu, W., Tang, J., Li, X., Gong, L., Yang, D., Yin, H., Wang, W., Zhang, B."Reduction in surgical scope after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy for non‑small cell lung cancer". Oncology Letters 30, no. 5 (2025): 501. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15247
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