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Case Report Open Access

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient with HR+/HER2‑ advanced breast cancer following abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy: A case report

  • Authors:
    • Wei Hao
    • Sheng Liu
    • Yuenong Qin
    • Chenping Sun
    • Jijia Bao
    • Chunyu Wu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Breast Surgery (Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine), Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China, Hospital Management Office, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Hao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 505
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    Published online on: September 1, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15251
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Abstract

This case report presents the first occurrence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient with breast cancer during CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy. Abemaciclib serves as a first‑line therapeutic option for hormone receptor‑positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‑negative advanced breast cancer. However, there are no documented cases in the literature linking abemaciclib to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Notably, although rare, abemaciclib‑induced severe lymphopenia may predispose patients to potentially life‑threatening opportunistic infections. Optimal patient management requires multidisciplinary collaboration and strict compliance with American Society of Clinical Oncology/European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines to optimize the balance between therapeutic efficacy and infection risk mitigation. Critical strategies include early intervention and proactive surveillance to mitigate morbidity and mortality in this high‑risk cohort. Consequently, the present case advocates for serial monitoring of lymphocyte counts and CD4+ levels during abemaciclib treatment, with implementation of primary prophylaxis protocols for patients exhibiting elevated risk profiles.
View Figures

Figure 1

Tumors were assessed using chest CT
and partial remission was indicated according to Response
Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 after 6 months of
treatment (left panel, baseline; right panel, 6 months; tumor site
is marked by arrow).

Figure 2

Chest CT suggested minimal lung
metastases and interstitial pneumonia in both lungs in August
2023.

Figure 3

Lymphocyte, CD4+ and
CD8+ cell count curves during abemaciclib treatment.
PJP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.

Figure 4

Chest CT showed partial resolution of
interstitial inflammation in September 2023.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hao W, Liu S, Qin Y, Sun C, Bao J and Wu C: <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> pneumonia in a patient with HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>‑</sup> advanced breast cancer following abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy: A case report. Oncol Lett 30: 505, 2025.
APA
Hao, W., Liu, S., Qin, Y., Sun, C., Bao, J., & Wu, C. (2025). <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> pneumonia in a patient with HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>‑</sup> advanced breast cancer following abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy: A case report. Oncology Letters, 30, 505. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15251
MLA
Hao, W., Liu, S., Qin, Y., Sun, C., Bao, J., Wu, C."<em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> pneumonia in a patient with HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>‑</sup> advanced breast cancer following abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy: A case report". Oncology Letters 30.5 (2025): 505.
Chicago
Hao, W., Liu, S., Qin, Y., Sun, C., Bao, J., Wu, C."<em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> pneumonia in a patient with HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>‑</sup> advanced breast cancer following abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy: A case report". Oncology Letters 30, no. 5 (2025): 505. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15251
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hao W, Liu S, Qin Y, Sun C, Bao J and Wu C: <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> pneumonia in a patient with HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>‑</sup> advanced breast cancer following abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy: A case report. Oncol Lett 30: 505, 2025.
APA
Hao, W., Liu, S., Qin, Y., Sun, C., Bao, J., & Wu, C. (2025). <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> pneumonia in a patient with HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>‑</sup> advanced breast cancer following abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy: A case report. Oncology Letters, 30, 505. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15251
MLA
Hao, W., Liu, S., Qin, Y., Sun, C., Bao, J., Wu, C."<em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> pneumonia in a patient with HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>‑</sup> advanced breast cancer following abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy: A case report". Oncology Letters 30.5 (2025): 505.
Chicago
Hao, W., Liu, S., Qin, Y., Sun, C., Bao, J., Wu, C."<em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> pneumonia in a patient with HR<sup>+</sup>/HER2<sup>‑</sup> advanced breast cancer following abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy: A case report". Oncology Letters 30, no. 5 (2025): 505. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15251
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