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Case Report Open Access

Challenges associated with the treatment of E709K and L858R double mutation in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review

  • Authors:
    • Jiangqin Song
    • Qin Wu
    • Lilin He
    • Lian Dong
    • Lamei Chen
    • Huashun Li
    • Kaiyuan Diao
    • Huabing Yuan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen City (Tianmen Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology), Tianmen, Hubei 431700, P.R. China, Department of Hematologic Oncology, The People's Hospital of Yingcheng City, Xiaogan, Hubei 432400, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen City, Tianmen, Hubei 431700, P.R. China, Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen City, Tianmen, Hubei 431700, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen City, Tianmen, Hubei 431700, P.R. China, Department of Solid Tumor Testing Laboratory, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Company Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen City (Tianmen Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology), Tianmen, Hubei 431700, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 509
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    Published online on: September 4, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15255
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Abstract

Non‑small‑cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently harbors EGFR mutations, with the L858R and exon 19 deletions being the most prevalent. Rare EGFR exon 18 mutations, such as E709K, account for a small proportion but may significantly influence treatment response. The coexistence of E709K and L858R mutations presents unique therapeutic challenges and opportunities. This report describes a 64‑year‑old Chinese woman diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring concurrent EGFR mutations (exon 18 p.E709K and exon 21 p.L858R). Initial treatment with osimertinib achieved partial response with a progression‑free survival of 8 months, followed by disease progression. The patient was subsequently treated with afatinib, which showed transient efficacy but was discontinued due to poor tolerance. Combination therapies involving chemotherapy (paclitaxel‑platinum and pemetrexed), bevacizumab, radiotherapy and the third‑generation EGFR TKI amitinib were sequentially administered, resulting in sustained symptomatic relief and clinical benefit. Leptomeningeal metastasis was later managed with intrathecal pemetrexed and ongoing amitinib therapy. In conclusion, this case highlights the complex clinical course of NSCLC with dual EGFR mutations, including E709K. While first‑ and second‑generation TKIs offer variable efficacy, third‑generation TKIs like amitinib may provide a durable benefit in selected patients. Comprehensive genomic profiling and individualized therapeutic strategies are essential for optimizing outcomes, particularly in cases involving rare EGFR mutations.
View Figures

Figure 1

The percutaneous lung biopsy tissue
in the lower lobe of the left lung was observed by H&E staining
and magnifications at (A) ×50 and (B) ×400. (C) Programmed cell
death ligand 1 test result: Positive, with tumor cell
interpretation indicating 30%. Quality control demonstrated an
assessable tumor cell count of 50%. Both positive and negative
controls were successful. Combined with the results of
immunohistochemistry [(D) thyroid transcription factor-1 (+)
(nuclear staining). (E) Napsin A (+) (cytoplasmic granular
staining). (F) Cytokeratin 7 (+) (diffuse cytoplasmic staining).
(G) Ki-67:10% (labeling index). (H) P40 (−) (no nuclear staining)
(magnification, ×200)], and the pathological diagnosis was
non-small cell lung cancer, which was consistent with the type of
pulmonary adenocarcinoma. (I) Emission CT bone scintigraphy. Four
panels show whole-body bone scans from different views. Panel I
(far left, anterior view): Increased radioactivity in the parietal
bone, right shoulder joint and left humerus. Panel II (left middle,
posterior view): Increased radioactivity in the left clavicle,
multiple ribs, and T2-T4 vertebrae. Panel III (right middle,
anterior view): Increased radioactivity in the sacrum, right
sacroiliac joint, and right ilium. Panel IV (far right, posterior
view): Increased radioactivity in the bilateral hip joints and
right femur. Remaining bones and joints show normal physiological
distribution. (J) NGS results: The EGFR p.L858R mutation, with a
frequency of 15.5% in the transthoracic lung biopsy tissue. (K) NGS
results: The EGFR p.E709K mutation, with a frequency of 21.2% in
the transthoracic lung biopsy tissue. (L) Serum tumor marker
levels: A line chart depicting changes in serum CEA levels during
the course of treatment (reference range, 0–5 ng/ml). Endobronchial
ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy was
performed to obtain tissue in the lower lobe of the left lung was
observed by H&E staining at magnifications of (M) ×50 and (N)
×400. PCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; INSM1,
insulinoma-associated protein 1; NGS, next-generation
sequencing.

Figure 2

Results following leptomeningeal
metastasis confirmation. (A) CT examination: Post-implantation of
the Ommaya reservoir. (B) CSF cytology: During surgery, CSF was
drained and examined using liquid-based cytology after
concentration and centrifugation. A small number of tumor cells
were identified, which confirmed leptomeningeal metastasis. CSF,
cerebrospinal fluid.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Song J, Wu Q, He L, Dong L, Chen L, Li H, Diao K and Yuan H: Challenges associated with the treatment of E709K and L858R double mutation in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 30: 509, 2025.
APA
Song, J., Wu, Q., He, L., Dong, L., Chen, L., Li, H. ... Yuan, H. (2025). Challenges associated with the treatment of E709K and L858R double mutation in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review. Oncology Letters, 30, 509. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15255
MLA
Song, J., Wu, Q., He, L., Dong, L., Chen, L., Li, H., Diao, K., Yuan, H."Challenges associated with the treatment of E709K and L858R double mutation in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 30.5 (2025): 509.
Chicago
Song, J., Wu, Q., He, L., Dong, L., Chen, L., Li, H., Diao, K., Yuan, H."Challenges associated with the treatment of E709K and L858R double mutation in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 30, no. 5 (2025): 509. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15255
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Song J, Wu Q, He L, Dong L, Chen L, Li H, Diao K and Yuan H: Challenges associated with the treatment of E709K and L858R double mutation in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 30: 509, 2025.
APA
Song, J., Wu, Q., He, L., Dong, L., Chen, L., Li, H. ... Yuan, H. (2025). Challenges associated with the treatment of E709K and L858R double mutation in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review. Oncology Letters, 30, 509. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15255
MLA
Song, J., Wu, Q., He, L., Dong, L., Chen, L., Li, H., Diao, K., Yuan, H."Challenges associated with the treatment of E709K and L858R double mutation in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 30.5 (2025): 509.
Chicago
Song, J., Wu, Q., He, L., Dong, L., Chen, L., Li, H., Diao, K., Yuan, H."Challenges associated with the treatment of E709K and L858R double mutation in lung adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review". Oncology Letters 30, no. 5 (2025): 509. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15255
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