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Article Open Access

Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases

  • Authors:
    • Meng Dai
    • Shuang Sun
    • Xin Liu
    • Hulun Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China, Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Dai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 546
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    Published online on: September 23, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15292
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Abstract

The present study sought to explore the clinicopathological characteristics, and construct a prognostic nomogram predicting disease‑free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (CRNEC). Data of patients diagnosed with CRNEC from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital (Harbin, China) between January 2000 and December 2019 were retrospectively collected. These patients were randomly divided into different groups by histological type, differentiation grade and AE1/AE3 expression. Subsequently, χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were employed to assess associations between categorical variables and multiple groups, Kaplan‑Meier estimates were generated to analyze survival, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to identify the potential prognostic factors. The multivariate analyses formed the basis for constructing prognostic nomograms. Nomogram validation comprised calculation of the C‑index and generation of calibration curves. As a result, three variables were identified as the potential independent predictors for DFS (body mass index, age and differentiation) and OS (sex, age and differentiation). Nomograms were established using these variables based on the multivariate analyses. The C‑index for the nomogram prognostic models predicting DFS and OS were 0.843 (95% CI, 0.665‑0.936) and 0.819 (95% CI, 0.644‑0.919), respectively. The predicted and observed survival probabilities showed concordance across different time points (1, 3 and 5 years), as evidenced by the calibration curves overlapping with the reference lines. Patients with neuroendocrine tumor‑G1/G2 pathological subtypes, low grade differentiation or AE1/AE3(+) expression had longer DFS and OS compared with other groups. Overall, the prognostic nomograms established could effectively predict the prognosis of patients with CRNEC. High‑grade CRNEC represents a highly aggressive malignancy associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome. In addition, AE1/AE3 expression may be a helpful biomarker for improving the diagnostic accuracy of patients with CRNEC.
View Figures

Figure 1

Survival curves of patients with
colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma of different pathological
types. (A) Disease free survival and (B) Overall survival curves.
MANEC, mixed adenoendocrine carcinoma.

Figure 2

Survival curves of patients with
colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma of different differentiation
types. (A) Disease free survival and (B) Overall survival
curves.

Figure 3

Nomograms for prognosis prediction in
patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma. (A) 1-, 3- and
5-year nomograms for prognosis prediction of Disease free survival;
(B) 1-, 3- and 5-year nomograms for prognosis prediction of Overall
survival. BMI, body mass index.

Figure 4

Calibration curves of nomograms in
colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma. (A) 1-, (C) 3- and (E) 5-year
calibration curves of nomograms for prognosis prediction of DFS;
(B) 1-, (D) 3- and (F) 5-year calibration curves of nomograms for
prognosis prediction of OS. DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall
survival.

Figure 5

Survival curves of AE1/AE3 expression
in patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma. (A) Disease
free survival and (B) overall survival curves.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Dai M, Sun S, Liu X and Li H: Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases. Oncol Lett 30: 546, 2025.
APA
Dai, M., Sun, S., Liu, X., & Li, H. (2025). Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases. Oncology Letters, 30, 546. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15292
MLA
Dai, M., Sun, S., Liu, X., Li, H."Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases". Oncology Letters 30.6 (2025): 546.
Chicago
Dai, M., Sun, S., Liu, X., Li, H."Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases". Oncology Letters 30, no. 6 (2025): 546. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15292
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Dai M, Sun S, Liu X and Li H: Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases. Oncol Lett 30: 546, 2025.
APA
Dai, M., Sun, S., Liu, X., & Li, H. (2025). Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases. Oncology Letters, 30, 546. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15292
MLA
Dai, M., Sun, S., Liu, X., Li, H."Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases". Oncology Letters 30.6 (2025): 546.
Chicago
Dai, M., Sun, S., Liu, X., Li, H."Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases". Oncology Letters 30, no. 6 (2025): 546. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15292
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