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Case Report Open Access

Primary squamous thyroid cancer: A case report

  • Authors:
    • Shuchang Dong
    • Xuewen Wang
    • Ziwen Zhou
    • Lingjun Feng
    • Qingliang Xu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China, Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Dong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 555
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    Published online on: September 26, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15301
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Abstract

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare malignancy characterized by low incidence, high aggressiveness and poor prognosis, with no established standardized treatment guidelines. The present case involves a 66‑year‑old female who presented with a painless left neck mass discovered incidentally in July 2023. The mass progressed over two months, accompanied by dyspnea. In September 2023, surgical intervention confirmed a poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (6.0x5.0 cm, invading the anterior cervical muscles; Ki‑67 ≈60%, mutant‑type p53) in the left lobe and nodular goiter in the right lobe. The patient underwent left radical thyroidectomy and right lobectomy (no lymph node metastasis detected in 9 central compartment nodes). Postoperative PD‑L1 testing revealed high expression (CPS=50). From November 2023 to February 2024, the patient completed 6 cycles of chemotherapy (albumin‑bound paclitaxel + carboplatin) combined with immunotherapy (tislelizumab). Partial radiotherapy (16/25 fractions) was initiated in March 2024 but discontinued due to radiation‑induced mucositis and leukopenia. Follow‑up in June 2024 demonstrated complete response (CR) with no evidence of recurrence. This case achieved complete response (CR) through multidisciplinary integrated therapy, providing clinical evidence for PSCCT treatment optimization. Given the rarity and therapeutic uncertainty of PSCCT, our study highlights: The critical value of immunohistochemistry (CK19+, CK5/6+, TTF‑1‑, TG‑) in differential diagnosis; Potential benefits of immunotherapy in PD‑L1‑high expressors; The necessity of combining surgery with systemic therapies and demand for individualized strategies.
View Figures

Figure 1

Ultrasound showing multiple bilateral
thyroid lobes (Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System
grade 3). The ultrasound examination was performed using a Resona
8S system with an L14-5WU transducer. The red arrow indicates the
location of the thyroid mass. Multiple cystic-solid nodules in both
lobes, demonstrating well-defined borders and regular morphology.
A: The largest nodule in the left thyroid lobe measures
approximately 4.3×3.0×4.0 cm. B: The largest nodule in the right
thyroid lobe measures approximately 1.4×0.9×1.4 cm. CDFI (Color
Doppler Flow Imaging): Linear blood flow signals are detected
within and around the nodules. The echogenicity of the remaining
parenchyma appears relatively uniform.

Figure 2

Pathological image of thyroid squamous
cell carcinoma with hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Figure 3

Immunohistochemical analysis of,
CK5/6, Ki-67, p53, TTF-1, TG, CEA, Galectin-3, Cyclin D1 and EMA
expression in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid; CK,
cytokeratin; TTF, thyroid transcription factor-1; TG,
thyroglobulin; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; EMA, epithelial
membrane antigen.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Dong S, Wang X, Zhou Z, Feng L and Xu Q: Primary squamous thyroid cancer: A case report. Oncol Lett 30: 555, 2025.
APA
Dong, S., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Feng, L., & Xu, Q. (2025). Primary squamous thyroid cancer: A case report. Oncology Letters, 30, 555. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15301
MLA
Dong, S., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Feng, L., Xu, Q."Primary squamous thyroid cancer: A case report". Oncology Letters 30.6 (2025): 555.
Chicago
Dong, S., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Feng, L., Xu, Q."Primary squamous thyroid cancer: A case report". Oncology Letters 30, no. 6 (2025): 555. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15301
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Dong S, Wang X, Zhou Z, Feng L and Xu Q: Primary squamous thyroid cancer: A case report. Oncol Lett 30: 555, 2025.
APA
Dong, S., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Feng, L., & Xu, Q. (2025). Primary squamous thyroid cancer: A case report. Oncology Letters, 30, 555. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15301
MLA
Dong, S., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Feng, L., Xu, Q."Primary squamous thyroid cancer: A case report". Oncology Letters 30.6 (2025): 555.
Chicago
Dong, S., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Feng, L., Xu, Q."Primary squamous thyroid cancer: A case report". Oncology Letters 30, no. 6 (2025): 555. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15301
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