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Oncology Letters
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Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
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January-2026 Volume 31 Issue 1

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

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Review Open Access

Progress in the treatment of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Jie Shi
    • Bin He
    • Heng Di Zhang
    • Chao Yang Jiang
    • Ling Zhang

  • View Affiliations

    Affiliations: Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China, Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
  • Published online on: October 31, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15367
  • Article Number: 14

  • Copyright: © Shi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (ENEC) is a rare and highly aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with a markedly worse prognosis compared with other pathological types of esophageal cancer. The present study aimed to provide a systematic review of the pathological features, diagnostic strategies and advances in stratified treatment of ENEC, with a focus on current therapeutic approaches. The management of ENEC requires a multimodal approach. Among these modalities, surgery remains the cornerstone for achieving long‑term survival. For patients with initially unresectable disease, neoadjuvant therapy can convert cases to a resectable status. Additionally, combined chemoradiotherapy has been demonstrated to markedly improve survival rates. Beyond conventional treatments, the potential of targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy has been suggested, and the synergy between immune checkpoint inhibitors and either radiotherapy or targeted drugs has achieved long‑term remission in certain cases.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Shi J, He B, Zhang HD, Jiang CY and Zhang L: Progress in the treatment of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 31: 14, 2026.
APA
Shi, J., He, B., Zhang, H.D., Jiang, C.Y., & Zhang, L. (2026). Progress in the treatment of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (Review). Oncology Letters, 31, 14. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15367
MLA
Shi, J., He, B., Zhang, H. D., Jiang, C. Y., Zhang, L."Progress in the treatment of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 31.1 (2026): 14.
Chicago
Shi, J., He, B., Zhang, H. D., Jiang, C. Y., Zhang, L."Progress in the treatment of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 31, no. 1 (2026): 14. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15367
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Shi J, He B, Zhang HD, Jiang CY and Zhang L: Progress in the treatment of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 31: 14, 2026.
APA
Shi, J., He, B., Zhang, H.D., Jiang, C.Y., & Zhang, L. (2026). Progress in the treatment of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (Review). Oncology Letters, 31, 14. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15367
MLA
Shi, J., He, B., Zhang, H. D., Jiang, C. Y., Zhang, L."Progress in the treatment of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 31.1 (2026): 14.
Chicago
Shi, J., He, B., Zhang, H. D., Jiang, C. Y., Zhang, L."Progress in the treatment of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 31, no. 1 (2026): 14. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2025.15367
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