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Review Open Access

Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in cervical cancer: Bidirectional mechanisms and research progress (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xue Li
    • Daqing Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China, Key Laboratory for Early Diagnosis and Biotherapy of Malignant Tumors in Children and Women, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 225
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    Published online on: April 8, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15580
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Abstract

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumors among women worldwide and it imposes a notable clinical burden. Current traditional treatment methods have certain limitations. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their notable biological properties, have shown broad application prospects in the field of regenerative medicine. The unique tumor homing characteristics and immune regulatory capabilities of MSCs have made them an important research direction for targeted cancer treatment. As the key mediator of MSC functions, their derived exosomes serve an important role in intercellular communication and disease regulation. However, MSCs and their exosomes, as important components of the tumor microenvironment, may have potential tumorigenic risks, which also restrict the progress of related therapies towards clinical application. Therefore, the present review aimed to systematically elaborate on the molecular mechanisms by which MSCs and their exosomes exert both promoting and inhibitory effects in CC and further explore the possible reasons behind this contradictory phenomenon.
View Figures

Figure 1

Development history of MSCs. The
figure was generated using Figdraw (www.figdraw.com). MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells;
MSC-Exos, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells.

Figure 2

Classification of extracellular
vesicles and the biogenesis of exosomes. (A) Classification of
extracellular vesicles. (B) Biological occurrence process of
exosomes. The figure was generated using Figdraw (www.figdraw.com). MVBs, multivesicular bodies.

Figure 3

Sources of MSCs and exosomes. The
figure was generated using Figdraw (www.figdraw.com). MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells;
MSC-Exos, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells.

Figure 4

Bidirectional regulatory mechanism of
MSCs and their derived exosomes in CC. (A) Mechanism by which MSCs
and their derived exosomes promote the development of CC. (B)
Mechanism by which MSCs and their derived exosomes inhibit the
development of CC. The figure was generated using Figdraw
(www.figdraw.com). CC, cervical cancer; NF-κB,
nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; VEGF,
vascular endothelial growth factor; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells;
MSC-Exos, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells; DHCR24,
24-dehydrocholesterol reductase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55;
LIMS2, LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 2; TGF-β1,
transforming growth factor β1; JNK/p21, c-Jun N-terminal
kinase/p21.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li X and Wang D: Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in cervical cancer: Bidirectional mechanisms and research progress (Review). Oncol Lett 31: 225, 2026.
APA
Li, X., & Wang, D. (2026). Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in cervical cancer: Bidirectional mechanisms and research progress (Review). Oncology Letters, 31, 225. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15580
MLA
Li, X., Wang, D."Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in cervical cancer: Bidirectional mechanisms and research progress (Review)". Oncology Letters 31.6 (2026): 225.
Chicago
Li, X., Wang, D."Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in cervical cancer: Bidirectional mechanisms and research progress (Review)". Oncology Letters 31, no. 6 (2026): 225. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15580
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li X and Wang D: Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in cervical cancer: Bidirectional mechanisms and research progress (Review). Oncol Lett 31: 225, 2026.
APA
Li, X., & Wang, D. (2026). Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in cervical cancer: Bidirectional mechanisms and research progress (Review). Oncology Letters, 31, 225. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15580
MLA
Li, X., Wang, D."Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in cervical cancer: Bidirectional mechanisms and research progress (Review)". Oncology Letters 31.6 (2026): 225.
Chicago
Li, X., Wang, D."Role of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in cervical cancer: Bidirectional mechanisms and research progress (Review)". Oncology Letters 31, no. 6 (2026): 225. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15580
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