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August 2013 Volume 30 Issue 2

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

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International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

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Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

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Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

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Article

Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances apoptosis in lung cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Eun Jin Lim
    • Chul-Ho Oak
    • Jeonghoon Heo
    • Young-Ho Kim
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 856-862
    |
    Published online on: May 24, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2494
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Abstract

Combined treatment with a photosensitizer and iodide laser [photodynamic therapy (PDT)] has improved the outcome of various cancers. In this study, we investigated the effects of using the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) in PDT in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. We found that MB enhances PDT-induced apoptosis in association with downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In MB-PDT-treated A549 cells, we observed PARP cleavage, procaspase-3 activation, downregulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, and the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Western blot data showed that phosphorylation of p38 was increased in MB-PDT-treated A549 cells, indicating that several signaling molecules participate in the apoptotic cascade. Our data also showed that apoptotic cell death in MB-PDT-treated cells occurred through a series of steps beginning with the photochemical generation of ROS. Demonstrating the role of ROS, pretreatment of A549 cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) followed by MB-PDT resulted in increased cell viability and reduced proteolytic cleavage of PARP.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lim EJ, Oak C, Heo J and Kim Y: Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 30: 856-862, 2013.
APA
Lim, E.J., Oak, C., Heo, J., & Kim, Y. (2013). Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 30, 856-862. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2494
MLA
Lim, E. J., Oak, C., Heo, J., Kim, Y."Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances apoptosis in lung cancer cells". Oncology Reports 30.2 (2013): 856-862.
Chicago
Lim, E. J., Oak, C., Heo, J., Kim, Y."Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances apoptosis in lung cancer cells". Oncology Reports 30, no. 2 (2013): 856-862. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2494
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lim EJ, Oak C, Heo J and Kim Y: Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 30: 856-862, 2013.
APA
Lim, E.J., Oak, C., Heo, J., & Kim, Y. (2013). Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 30, 856-862. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2494
MLA
Lim, E. J., Oak, C., Heo, J., Kim, Y."Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances apoptosis in lung cancer cells". Oncology Reports 30.2 (2013): 856-862.
Chicago
Lim, E. J., Oak, C., Heo, J., Kim, Y."Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy enhances apoptosis in lung cancer cells". Oncology Reports 30, no. 2 (2013): 856-862. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2494
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