Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
December 2013 Volume 30 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
December 2013 Volume 30 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness

  • Authors:
    • Federica Ruffini
    • Lucio Tentori
    • Annalisa Susanna Dorio
    • Diego Arcelli
    • Giulia D'Amati
    • Stefania D'Atri
    • Grazia Graziani
    • Pedro Miguel Lacal
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, ‘Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata’- IRCCS, Rome, Italy, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy, Laboratory of Immunology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
  • Pages: 2887-2896
    |
    Published online on: October 10, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2791
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the elevated metastatic potential of malignant melanoma are still not fully understood. In order to shed light on the molecules involved in the acquisition by melanoma of a highly aggressive phenotype, we compared the gene expression profiles of two cell clones derived from the human cutaneous metastatic melanoma cell line M14: a highly invasive clone (M14C2/MK18) and a clone (M14C2/C4) with low ability to invade the extracellular matrix (ECM). The highly invasive phenotype of M14C2/MK18 cells was correlated with overexpression of neuropilin-1, activation of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGFR-2 autocrine loop and secretion of matrix metalloprotease-2. Moreover, in an in vivo murine model, M14C2/MK18 cells displayed a higher growth rate as compared with M14C2/C4 cells, even though in vitro both clones possessed comparable proliferative potential. Microarray analysis in M14C2/MK18 cells showed a strong upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-C, a cytokine that contributes to angiogenesis, and downregulation of calpain-3, a calcium-dependent thiol-protease that regulates specific signalling cascade components. Inhibition of PDGF-C with a specific antibody resulted in a significant decrease in ECM invasion by M14C2/MK18 cells, confirming the involvement of PDGF-C in melanoma cell invasiveness. Moreover, the PDGF-C transcript was found to be upregulated in a high percentage of human melanoma cell lines (17/20), whereas only low PDGF-C levels were detected in a few melanocytic cultures (2/6). By contrast, inhibition of calpain-3 activity in M14C2/C4 control cells, using a specific chemical inhibitor, markedly increased ECM invasion, strongly suggesting that downregulation of calpain-3 plays a role in the acquisition of a highly invasive phenotype. The results indicate that PDGF-C upregulation and calpain-3 downregulation are involved in the aggressiveness of malignant melanoma and suggest that modulators of these proteins or their downstream effectors may synergise with VEGF‑A therapies in combating tumour-associated angiogenesis and melanoma spread.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Berwick M, Erdei E and Hay J: Melanoma epidemiology and public health. Dermatol Clin. 27:205–214. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Becker D, Mihm MC, Hewitt SM, Sondak VK, Fountain JW and Thurin M: Markers and tissue resources for melanoma: meeting report. Cancer Res. 66:10652–10657. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Nazarian RM, Prieto VG, Elder DE and Duncan LM: Melanoma biomarker expression in melanocytic tumor progression: a tissue microarray study. J Cutan Pathol. 37:41–47. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Lacal PM, Failla CM, Pagani E, et al: Human melanoma cells secrete and respond to placenta growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. J Invest Dermatol. 115:1000–1007. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Lacal PM, Ruffini F, Pagani E and D’Atri S: An autocrine loop directed by the vascular endothelial growth factor promotes invasiveness of human melanoma cells. Int J Oncol. 27:1625–1632. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Schietroma C, Cianfarani F, Lacal PM, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression correlates with lymph node localization of human melanoma metastases. Cancer. 98:789–797. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Ruffini F, Failla CM, Orecchia A, et al: Expression of the soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in cutaneous melanoma: role in tumour progression. Br J Dermatol. 164:1061–1070. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hennequin LF, Thomas AP, Johnstone C, et al: Design and structure-activity relationship of a new class of potent VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem. 42:5369–5389. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Sasaki T, Kishi M, Saito M, et al: Inhibitory effect of di- and tripeptidyl aldehydes on calpains and cathepsins. J Enzyme Inhib. 3:195–201. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Lacal PM, Morea V, Ruffini F, et al: Inhibition of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 derived peptide. Eur J Cancer. 44:1914–1921. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Lacal PM, Tentori L, Muzi A, et al: Pharmacological inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity down-regulates the expression of syndecan-4 and Id-1 in endothelial cells. Int J Oncol. 34:861–872. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Ruffini F, D’Atri S and Lacal PM: Neuropilin-1 expression promotes invasiveness of melanoma cells through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 dependent and independent mechanisms. Int J Oncol. 43:297–306. 2013.

13 

Stetler-Stevenson WG: Matrix metalloproteinases in angiogenesis: a moving target for therapeutic intervention. J Clin Invest. 103:1237–1241. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wang Z, Juttermann R and Soloway PD: TIMP-2 is required for efficient activation of proMMP-2 in vivo. J Biol Chem. 275:26411–26415. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, et al: Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21:665–676. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Fredriksson L, Ehnman M, Fieber C and Eriksson U: Structural requirements for activation of latent platelet-derived growth factor CC by tissue plasminogen activator. J Biol Chem. 280:26856–26862. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Li X, Pontén A, Aase K, et al: PDGF-C is a new protease-activated ligand for the PDGF alpha-receptor. Nat Cell Biol. 2:302–309. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Gilbertson DG, Duff ME, West JW, et al: Platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C), a novel growth factor that binds to PDGF alpha and beta receptor. J Biol Chem. 276:27406–27414. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Fredriksson L, Li H, Fieber C, Li X and Eriksson U: Tissue plasminogen activator is a potent activator of PDGF-CC. EMBO J. 23:3793–3802. 2004.

20 

Cao R, Bråkenhielm E, Li X, et al: Angiogenesis stimulated by PDGF-CC, a novel member in the PDGF family, involves activation of PDGFR-αα and -αβ receptors. FASEB J. 16:1575–1583. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

21 

Dimmeler S: Platelet-derived growth factor CC - a clinically useful angiogenic factor at last? N Engl J Med. 352:1815–1816. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

22 

Li X, Tjwa M, Moons L, et al: Revascularization of ischemic tissues by PDGF-CC via effects on endothelial cells and their progenitors. J Clin Invest. 115:118–127. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Anderberg C, Li H, Fredriksson L, et al: Paracrine signaling by platelet-derived growth factor-CC promotes tumor growth by recruitment of cancer associated fibroblasts. Cancer Res. 69:369–378. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Hurst NJ Jr, Najy AJ, Ustach CV, Movilla L and Kim HR: Platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) activation by serine proteases: implications for breast cancer progression. Biochem J. 441:909–918. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zwerner JP and May WA: PDGF-C is an EWS/FLI induced transforming growth factor in Ewing family tumors. Oncogene. 20:626–633. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zwerner JP and May WA: Dominant negative PDGF-C inhibits growth of Ewing family tumor cell lines. Oncogene. 21:3847–3854. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Andrae J, Molander C, Smits A, Funa K and Nistér M: Platelet-derived growth factor-B and -C and active alpha-receptors in medulloblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 296:604–611. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Lokker NA, Sullivan CM, Hollenbach SJ, Israel MA and Giese NA: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) autocrine signaling regulates survival and mitogenic pathways in glioblastoma cells: evidence that the novel PDGF-C and PDGF-D ligands may play a role in the development of brain tumours. Cancer Res. 62:3729–3735. 2002.

29 

Yamano Y, Uzawa K, Saito K, et al: Identification of cisplatin-resistance related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 126:437–449. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Crawford Y, Kasman I, Yu L, et al: PDGF-C mediates the angiogenic and tumorigenic properties of fibroblasts associated with tumors refractory to anti-VEGF treatment. Cancer Cell. 15:21–34. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Li X, Kumar A, Zhang F, Lee C, Li Y, Tang Z and Arjuna P: VEGF-independent angiogenic pathways induced by PDGF-C. Oncotarget. 1:309–314. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

32 

di Tomaso E, London N, Fuja D, et al: PDGF-C induces maturation of blood vessels in a model of glioblastoma and attenuates the response to anti-VEGF treatment. PLoS One. 4:e51232009.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Ono Y, Ojima K, Torii F, et al: Skeletal muscle-specific calpain is an intracellular Na+-dependent protease. J Biol Chem. 285:22986–22998. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Storr SJ, Carragher NO, Frame MC, Parr T and Martin SG: The calpain system and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 11:364–374. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Moretti D, Del Bello B, Cosci E, Biagioli M, Miracco C and Maellaro E: Novel variants of muscle calpain 3 identified in human melanoma cells: cisplatin-induced changes in vitro and differential expression in melanocytic lesions. Carcinogenesis. 30:960–967. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Hodgkinson CA, Moore KJ, Nakayama A, Steingrímsson E, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA and Arnheiter H: Mutations at the mouse microphthalmia locus are associated with defects in a gene encoding a novel basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper protein. Cell. 74:395–404. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Vachtenheim J, Novotna H and Ghanem G: Transcriptional repression of the microphthalmia gene in melanoma cells correlates with the unresponsiveness of target genes to ectopic microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. J Invest Dermatol. 117:1505–1511. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar

38 

McGill GG, Horstmann M, Widlund HR, et al: Bcl2 regulation by the melanocyte master regulator Mitf modulates lineage survival and melanoma cell viability. Cell. 109:707–718. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Du J, Widlund HR, Horstmann MA, et al: Critical role of CDK2 for melanoma growth linked to its melanocyte-specific transcriptional regulation by MITF. Cancer Cell. 6:565–576. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Steingrimsson E, Copeland NG and Jenkins NA: Melanocytes and the microphthalmia transcription factor network. Annu Rev Genet. 38:365–411. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

41 

Carreira S, Goodall J, Aksan I, et al: Mitf cooperates with Rb1 and activates p21Cip1 expression to regulate cell cycle progression. Nature. 433:764–769. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Loercher AE, Tank EM, Delston RB and Harbour JW: MITF links differentiation with cell cycle arrest in melanocytes by transcriptional activation of INK4A. J Cell Biol. 168:35–40. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Levy C, Khaled M and Fisher DE: MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma oncogene. Trends Mol Med. 12:406–414. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Wu M, Hemesath TJ, Takemoto CM, et al: c-Kit triggers dual phosphorylations, which couple activation and degradation of the essential melanocyte factor Mi. Genes Dev. 14:301–312. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

45 

Levy C, Sonnenblick A and Razin E: Role played by microphthalmia transcription factor phosphorylation and its Zip domain in its transcriptional inhibition by PIAS3. Mol Cell Biol. 23:9073–9080. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

De Morrée A, Hulsik DL, Impagliazzo A, et al: Calpain 3 is a rapid-action, unidirectional proteolytic switch central to muscle remodelling. PLoS One. 5:e119402010.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ruffini F, Tentori L, Dorio AS, Arcelli D, D'Amati G, D'Atri S, Graziani G and Lacal PM: Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness. Oncol Rep 30: 2887-2896, 2013.
APA
Ruffini, F., Tentori, L., Dorio, A.S., Arcelli, D., D'Amati, G., D'Atri, S. ... Lacal, P.M. (2013). Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness. Oncology Reports, 30, 2887-2896. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2791
MLA
Ruffini, F., Tentori, L., Dorio, A. S., Arcelli, D., D'Amati, G., D'Atri, S., Graziani, G., Lacal, P. M."Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness". Oncology Reports 30.6 (2013): 2887-2896.
Chicago
Ruffini, F., Tentori, L., Dorio, A. S., Arcelli, D., D'Amati, G., D'Atri, S., Graziani, G., Lacal, P. M."Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness". Oncology Reports 30, no. 6 (2013): 2887-2896. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2791
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ruffini F, Tentori L, Dorio AS, Arcelli D, D'Amati G, D'Atri S, Graziani G and Lacal PM: Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness. Oncol Rep 30: 2887-2896, 2013.
APA
Ruffini, F., Tentori, L., Dorio, A.S., Arcelli, D., D'Amati, G., D'Atri, S. ... Lacal, P.M. (2013). Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness. Oncology Reports, 30, 2887-2896. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2791
MLA
Ruffini, F., Tentori, L., Dorio, A. S., Arcelli, D., D'Amati, G., D'Atri, S., Graziani, G., Lacal, P. M."Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness". Oncology Reports 30.6 (2013): 2887-2896.
Chicago
Ruffini, F., Tentori, L., Dorio, A. S., Arcelli, D., D'Amati, G., D'Atri, S., Graziani, G., Lacal, P. M."Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness". Oncology Reports 30, no. 6 (2013): 2887-2896. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2791
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team