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Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression

  • Authors:
    • Li Li
    • Yiwen Wang
    • Benquan Qi
    • Dongdong Yuan
    • Shuying Dong
    • Daohua Guo
    • Cuiling Zhang
    • Meiling Yu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].
  • Pages: 1779-1786
    |
    Published online on: August 20, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3422
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Abstract

Ginseng has become one of the most commonly used alternative herbal medicines, and its active component, ginsenoside Rg1 has known pharmacological effects, including anticancer properties. However, the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on metastasis have yet to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of ginsenoside Rg1 to suppress phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced invasion and migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 and incubated with or without PMA. The protein and mRNA expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was analyzed using Transwell and wound‑healing assays and western blotting. The results showed that suppression was associated with the reduced secretion of MMP-9, a key metastatic enzyme. MMP-9 levels were regulated transcriptionally and correlated with the suppression of NF-κB phosphorylation and DNA binding activity. Conversely, ginsenoside Rg1 did not affect MMP-2 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA levels, or the activation of AP-1, suggesting a specificity of pathway inhibition. Inhibition of NF‑κB activation by p65 small‑interfering RNA (siRNA) was shown to suppress PMA-induced cell invasion and migration. The siRNA studies also showed that PMA-induced MMP-9 expression is NF-κB-dependent. The results suggested that the anticancer properties of ginsenoside Rg1 may derive from its ability to inhibit invasion and migration, and that these processes are regulated in breast cancer cells through the NF-κB‑mediated regulation of MMP-9 expression.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Li L, Wang Y, Qi B, Yuan D, Dong S, Guo D, Zhang C and Yu M: Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression. Oncol Rep 32: 1779-1786, 2014.
APA
Li, L., Wang, Y., Qi, B., Yuan, D., Dong, S., Guo, D. ... Yu, M. (2014). Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression. Oncology Reports, 32, 1779-1786. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3422
MLA
Li, L., Wang, Y., Qi, B., Yuan, D., Dong, S., Guo, D., Zhang, C., Yu, M."Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression". Oncology Reports 32.5 (2014): 1779-1786.
Chicago
Li, L., Wang, Y., Qi, B., Yuan, D., Dong, S., Guo, D., Zhang, C., Yu, M."Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression". Oncology Reports 32, no. 5 (2014): 1779-1786. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3422
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Li L, Wang Y, Qi B, Yuan D, Dong S, Guo D, Zhang C and Yu M: Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression. Oncol Rep 32: 1779-1786, 2014.
APA
Li, L., Wang, Y., Qi, B., Yuan, D., Dong, S., Guo, D. ... Yu, M. (2014). Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression. Oncology Reports, 32, 1779-1786. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3422
MLA
Li, L., Wang, Y., Qi, B., Yuan, D., Dong, S., Guo, D., Zhang, C., Yu, M."Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression". Oncology Reports 32.5 (2014): 1779-1786.
Chicago
Li, L., Wang, Y., Qi, B., Yuan, D., Dong, S., Guo, D., Zhang, C., Yu, M."Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression". Oncology Reports 32, no. 5 (2014): 1779-1786. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3422
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