Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 34 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
October-2015 Volume 34 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer

  • Authors:
    • Qianqian Yang
    • Weichao Jiang
    • Chunbo Zhuang
    • Zhi Geng
    • Chen Hou
    • Da Huang
    • Lihua Hu
    • Xiaobei Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1771-1778
    |
    Published online on: July 31, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4167
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) plays an important role in both the immune response and tumor progression, while microRNAs act as tumor regulators to mediate tumorigenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between Gal-9 and microRNA-mediated regulation in liver cancer. We examined Gal-9 expression using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis and found that it was markedly upregulated in human liver cancer cells compared with the level in normal hepatocytes. We co-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor cells and observed that Gal-9 induced lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell immune escape using flow cytometric analysis and WST-1 assay. We found that miR-22 was downregulated in liver cancer tissues and cell lines and confirmed that miR-22 directly targeted the Gal-9 3'UTR and negatively regulated Gal-9 expression by luciferase reporter assay and transfection of microRNA mimics. We also observed that the Gal-9/miR-22 axis may influence lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation. These studies contribute to a further understanding of the microRNA‑mediated regulation of the Gal-9 pathway and elucidate novel therapeutic targets for liver cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Yi X, Luk JM, Lee NP, Peng J, Leng X, Guan XY, Lau GK, Beretta L and Fan ST: Association of mortalin (HSPA9) with liver cancer metastasis and prediction for early tumor recurrence. Mol Cell Proteomics. 7:315–325. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 62:10–29. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Farazi PA and DePinho RA: Hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis: From genes to environment. Nat Rev Cancer. 6:674–687. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Uchino K, Tateishi R, Shiina S, Kanda M, Masuzaki R, Kondo Y, Goto T, Omata M, Yoshida H and Koike K: Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis: Clinical features and prognostic factors. Cancer. 117:4475–4483. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Nagahara K, Arikawa T, Oomizu S, Kontani K, Nobumoto A, Tateno H, Watanabe K, Niki T, Katoh S, Miyake M, et al: Galectin-9 increases Tim-3+ dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells and enhances antitumor immunity via galectin-9-Tim-3 interactions. J Immunol. 181:7660–7669. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Fujihara S, Mori H, Kobara H, Rafiq K, Niki T, Hirashima M and Masaki T: Galectin-9 in cancer therapy. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov. 7:130–137. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Wiersma VR, de Bruyn M, Helfrich W and Bremer E: Therapeutic potential of Galectin-9 in human disease. Med Res Rev. 33(Suppl 1): E102–E126. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Hirashima M, Kashio Y, Nishi N, Yamauchi A, Imaizumi TA, Kageshita T, Saita N and Nakamura T: Galectin-9 in physiological and pathological conditions. Glycoconj J. 19:593–600. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Wang F, He W, Zhou H, Yuan J, Wu K, Xu L and Chen ZK: The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates CD8+ alloreactive T cell and prolongs survival of skin graft. Cell Immunol. 250:68–74. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Freeman GJ, Casasnovas JM, Umetsu DT and DeKruyff RH: TIM genes: A family of cell surface phosphatidylserine receptors that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev. 235:172–189. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

11 

Sharma S, Sundararajan A, Suryawanshi A, Kumar N, Veiga-Parga T, Kuchroo VK, Thomas PG, Sangster MY and Rouse BT: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein-3 (Tim-3)/Galectin-9 interaction regulates influenza A virus-specific humoral and CD8 T-cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:19001–19006. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Heusschen R, Griffioen AW and Thijssen VL: Galectin-9 in tumor biology: A jack of multiple trades. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1836:177–185. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Ambros V: The functions of animal microRNAs. Nature. 431:350–355. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Kloosterman WP and Plasterk RH: The diverse functions of microRNAs in animal development and disease. Dev Cell. 11:441–450. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Bartel DP: MicroRNAs: Target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell. 136:215–233. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Bartel DP: MicroRNAs: Genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell. 116:281–297. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Garzon R, Marcucci G and Croce CM: Targeting microRNAs in cancer: Rationale, strategies and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 9:775–789. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Xiong Y, Fang JH, Yun JP, Yang J, Zhang Y, Jia WH and Zhuang SM: Effects of microRNA-29 on apoptosis, tumorige-nicity, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 51:836–845. 2010.

19 

Cosse JP and Michiels C: Tumour hypoxia affects the responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapy and promotes cancer progression. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 8:790–797. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Fourcade J, Sun Z, Benallaoua M, Guillaume P, Luescher IF, Sander C, Kirkwood JM, Kuchroo V and Zarour HM: Upregulation of Tim-3 and PD-1 expression is associated with tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell dysfunction in melanoma patients. J Exp Med. 207:2175–2186. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Fourcade J, Kudela P, Sun Z, Shen H, Land SR, Lenzner D, Guillaume P, Luescher IF, Sander C, Ferrone S, et al: PD-1 is a regulator of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cell expansion in melanoma patients. J Immunol. 182:5240–5249. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Hastings WD, Anderson DE, Kassam N, Koguchi K, Greenfield EA, Kent SC, Zheng XX, Strom TB, Hafler DA and Kuchroo VK: TIM-3 is expressed on activated human CD4+ T cells and regulates Th1 and Th17 cytokines. Eur J Immunol. 39:2492–2501. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kikushige Y, Shima T, Takayanagi S, Urata S, Miyamoto T, Iwasaki H, Takenaka K, Teshima T, Tanaka T, Inagaki Y, et al: TIM-3 is a promising target to selectively kill acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 7:708–717. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Thijssen VL, Hulsmans S and Griffioen AW: The galectin profile of the endothelium: Altered expression and localization in activated and tumor endothelial cells. Am J Pathol. 172:545–553. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Türeci O, Schmitt H, Fadle N, Pfreundschuh M and Sahin U: Molecular definition of a novel human galectin which is immu-nogenic in patients with Hodgkin's disease. J Biol Chem. 272:6416–6422. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Wada J, Ota K, Kumar A, Wallner EI and Kanwar YS: Developmental regulation, expression, and apoptotic potential of galectin-9, a beta-galactoside binding lectin. J Clin Invest. 99:2452–2461. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Irie A, Yamauchi A, Kontani K, Kihara M, Liu D, Shirato Y, Seki M, Nishi N, Nakamura T, Yokomise H, et al: Galectin-9 as a prognostic factor with antimetastatic potential in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 11:2962–2968. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kageshita T, Kashio Y, Yamauchi A, Seki M, Abedin MJ, Nishi N, Shoji H, Nakamura T, Ono T and Hirashima M: Possible role of galectin-9 in cell aggregation and apoptosis of human melanoma cell lines and its clinical significance. Int J Cancer. 99:809–816. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Lahm H, André S, Hoeflich A, Fischer JR, Sordat B, Kaltner H, Wolf E and Gabius HJ: Comprehensive galectin fingerprinting in a panel of 61 human tumor cell lines by RT-PCR and its implications for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 127:375–386. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Asakura H, Kashio Y, Nakamura K, Seki M, Dai S, Shirato Y, Abedin MJ, Yoshida N, Nishi N, Imaizumi T, et al: Selective eosinophil adhesion to fibroblast via IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9. J Immunol. 169:5912–5918. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, Xiong H, Imitola J, Khoury SJ, Zheng XX, Strom TB and Kuchroo VK: The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity. Nat Immunol. 6:1245–1252. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Sánchez-Fueyo A, Tian J, Picarella D, Domenig C, Zheng XX, Sabatos CA, Manlongat N, Bender O, Kamradt T, Kuchroo VK, et al: Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto- and allo-immune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. Nat Immunol. 4:1093–1101. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Li H, Wu K, Tao K, Chen L, Zheng Q, Lu X, Liu J, Shi L, Liu C, Wang G, et al: Tim-3/galectin-9 signaling pathway mediates T-cell dysfunction and predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 56:1342–1351. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Zhang J, Yang Y, Yang T, Liu Y, Li A, Fu S, Wu M, Pan Z and Zhou W: microRNA-22, downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlated with prognosis, suppresses cell proliferation and tumourigenicity. Br J Cancer. 103:1215–1220. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang Q, Jiang W, Zhuang C, Geng Z, Hou C, Huang D, Hu L and Wang X: microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer. Oncol Rep 34: 1771-1778, 2015.
APA
Yang, Q., Jiang, W., Zhuang, C., Geng, Z., Hou, C., Huang, D. ... Wang, X. (2015). microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer. Oncology Reports, 34, 1771-1778. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4167
MLA
Yang, Q., Jiang, W., Zhuang, C., Geng, Z., Hou, C., Huang, D., Hu, L., Wang, X."microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer". Oncology Reports 34.4 (2015): 1771-1778.
Chicago
Yang, Q., Jiang, W., Zhuang, C., Geng, Z., Hou, C., Huang, D., Hu, L., Wang, X."microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer". Oncology Reports 34, no. 4 (2015): 1771-1778. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4167
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang Q, Jiang W, Zhuang C, Geng Z, Hou C, Huang D, Hu L and Wang X: microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer. Oncol Rep 34: 1771-1778, 2015.
APA
Yang, Q., Jiang, W., Zhuang, C., Geng, Z., Hou, C., Huang, D. ... Wang, X. (2015). microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer. Oncology Reports, 34, 1771-1778. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4167
MLA
Yang, Q., Jiang, W., Zhuang, C., Geng, Z., Hou, C., Huang, D., Hu, L., Wang, X."microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer". Oncology Reports 34.4 (2015): 1771-1778.
Chicago
Yang, Q., Jiang, W., Zhuang, C., Geng, Z., Hou, C., Huang, D., Hu, L., Wang, X."microRNA-22 downregulation of galectin-9 influences lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation in liver cancer". Oncology Reports 34, no. 4 (2015): 1771-1778. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4167
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team