Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
January-2016 Volume 35 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
January-2016 Volume 35 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

MicroRNA-21 induces breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing smad7 via EGF and TGF-β pathways

  • Authors:
    • Mingli Han
    • Fang Wang
    • Yuanting Gu
    • Xinhong Pei
    • Guangcheng Guo
    • Chao Yu
    • Lin Li
    • Mingzhi Zhu
    • Youyi Xiong
    • Yimeng Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China, Department of Surgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China, Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
  • Pages: 73-80
    |
    Published online on: October 29, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4360
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) upregulation, smad family member 7 (smad7) downregulation, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) actions contribute to breast cancer cell aggressiveness. However, their correlation and the relevant molecular mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. The present study was undertaken to determine the association of miR-21, smad7, EGF and TGF-β with breast cancer cell invasion and migration and to identify the molecular mechanisms involved using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. In the present study, the plasma miR-21 levels were significantly increased in patients with breast cancer, as compared to the controls. Smad7 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-21, by luciferase reporter and western blot assays. The downregulation of smad7 by miR-21 or sismad7 enhanced EGF-dependent invasion and migration, as well as TGF-β‑dependent invasion and migration. The actions of miR-21 were abrogated by expressing a modified smad7 cDNA resistant to miR-21. Moreover, miR-21, EGF and TGF-β combined to markedly increase cancer cell invasion and migration, and this effect was blocked by the combination of erlotinib (an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor) and SB505124 (a type I TGF-β receptor inhibitor). A lower smad7 expression was identified in poorly differentiated breast cancers, as compared to well‑ to moderately differentiated breast cancers. Notably, antagonism of miR-21 decreased breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in mouse models. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that plasma miR-21 levels may serve as a diagnostic marker in breast cancers, whereas miR-21 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion by suppressing smad7, which enhances EGF and TGF-β pathways.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Wang Y, Bu F, Royer C, Serres S, Larkin JR, Soto MS, Sibson NR, Salter V, Fritzsche F, Turnquist C, et al: ASPP2 controls epithelial plasticity and inhibits metastasis through β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1. Nat Cell Biol. 16:1092–1104. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Lamora A, Talbot J, Bougras G, Amiaud J, Leduc M, Chesneau J, Taurelle J, Stresing V, Le Deley MC, Heymann MF, et al: Overexpression of smad7 blocks primary tumor growth and lung metastasis development in osteosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res. 20:5097–5112. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Markou A, Farkona S, Schiza C, Efstathiou T, Kounelis S, Malamos N, Georgoulias V and Lianidou E: PIK3CA mutational status in circulating tumor cells can change during disease recurrence or progression in patients with breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 20:5823–5834. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Han M, Liu M, Wang Y, Chen X, Xu J, Sun Y, Zhao L, Qu H, Fan Y and Wu C: Antagonism of miR-21 reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotype through AKT/ERK1/2 inactivation by targeting PTEN. PLoS One. 7:e395202012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Mulrane L, McGee SF, Gallagher WM and O'Connor DP: miRNA dysregulation in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 73:6554–6562. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Lowery AJ, Miller N, McNeill RE and Kerin MJ: MicroRNAs as prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets: Potential effect on breast cancer management. Clin Cancer Res. 14:360–365. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Geng SQ, Alexandrou AT and Li JJ: Breast cancer stem cells: Multiple capacities in tumor metastasis. Cancer Lett. 349:1–7. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Hardy KM, Booth BW, Hendrix MJ, Salomon DS and Strizzi L: ErbB/EGF signaling and EMT in mammary development and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 15:191–199. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Javelaud D, Alexaki VI, Dennler S, Mohammad KS, Guise TA and Mauviel A: TGF-β/SMAD/GLI2 signaling axis in cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Res. 71:5606–5610. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Brand TM, Iida M, Luthar N, Starr MM, Huppert EJ and Wheeler DL: Nuclear EGFR as a molecular target in cancer. Radiother Oncol. 108:370–377. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Boudot A, Kerdivel G, Lecomte S, Flouriot G, Desille M, Godey F, Leveque J, Tas P, Le Dréan Y and Pakdel F: COUP-TFI modifies CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression by activating EGF signaling and stimulates breast cancer cell migration. BMC Cancer. 14:4072014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Foley J, Nickerson NK, Nam S, Allen KT, Gilmore JL, Nephew KP and Riese DJ II: EGFR signaling in breast cancer: Bad to the bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 21:951–960. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Kolch W and Pitt A: Functional proteomics to dissect tyrosine kinase signalling pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 10:618–629. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wagner JP, Wolf-Yadlin A, Sevecka M, Grenier JK, Root DE, Lauffenburger DA and MacBeath G: Receptor tyrosine kinases fall into distinct classes based on their inferred signaling networks. Sci Signal. 6:ra582013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Ouyang H, Gore J, Deitz S and Korc M: microRNA-10b enhances pancreatic cancer cell invasion by suppressing TIP30 expression and promoting EGF and TGF-β actions. Oncogene. 33:4664–4674. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

16 

Javelaud D, Alexaki VI and Dennler S, Javelaud D, Alexaki VI and Dennler S: TGF-β/SMAD/GLI2 signaling axis in cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Res. 71:5606–5610. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Moses H and Barcellos-Hoff MH: TGF-beta biology in mammary development and breast cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 3:a0032772011. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Drabsch Y and ten Dijke P: TGF-β signaling in breast cancer cell invasion and bone metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 16:97–108. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Connolly EC, Freimuth J and Akhurst RJ: Complexities of TGF-β targeted cancer therapy. Int J Biol Sci. 8:964–978. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Kang JS, Liu C and Derynck R: New regulatory mechanisms of TGF-beta receptor function. Trends Cell Biol. 19:385–394. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Wilczynska A and Bushell M: The complexity of miRNA-mediated repression. Cell Death Differ. 22:22–33. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Yang F, Zhang W, Shen Y and Guan X: Identification of dysregulated microRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol. 46:927–932. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Farazi TA, Horlings HM, Ten Hoeve JJ, Mihailovic A, Halfwerk H, Morozov P, Brown M, Hafner M, Reyal F, van Kouwenhove M, et al: MicroRNA sequence and expression analysis in breast tumors by deep sequencing. Cancer Res. 71:4443–4453. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Zhang K, Zhang Y, Liu C, Xiong Y and Zhang J: MicroRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and their therapeutic potential (Review). Int J Oncol. 45:950–958. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Volinia S, Calin GA, Liu CG, Ambs S, Cimmino A, Petrocca F, Visone R, Iorio M, Roldo C, Ferracin M, et al: A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:2257–2261. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Yan LX, Huang XF, Shao Q, Huang MY, Deng L, Wu QL, Zeng YX and Shao JY: MicroRNA miR-21 overexpression in human breast cancer is associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and patient poor prognosis. RNA. 14:2348–2360. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Huang TH, Wu F, Loeb GB, Hsu R, Heidersbach A, Brincat A, Horiuchi D, Lebbink RJ, Mo YY, Goga A, et al: Up-regulation of miR-21 by HER2/neu signaling promotes cell invasion. J Biol Chem. 284:18515–18524. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Qi L, Bart J, Tan LP, Platteel I, Sluis T, Huitema S, Harms G, Fu L, Hollema H and Berg A: Expression of miR-21 and its targets (PTEN, PDCD4, TM1) in flat epithelial atypia of the breast in relation to ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 9:1632009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Li T, Li D, Sha J, Sun P and Huang Y: MicroRNA-21 directly targets MARCKS and promotes apoptosis resistance and invasion in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 383:280–285. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Zhu S, Wu H, Wu F, Nie D, Sheng S and Mo YY: MicroRNA-21 targets tumor suppressor genes in invasion and metastasis. Cell Res. 18:350–359. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Han M, Liu M, Wang Y, Mo Z, Bi X, Liu Z, Fan Y, Chen X and Wu C: Re-expression of miR-21 contributes to migration and invasion by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition consistent with cancer stem cell characteristics in MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 363:427–436. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Chun HK, Jung KU, Choi YL, Hong HK, Kim SH, Yun SH, Kim HC, Lee WY and Cho YB: Low expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 in cancer tissue predicts a poor prognosis for patients with stage III rectal cancers. Oncology. 86:159–169. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Li Q, Zhang D, Wang Y, Sun P, Hou X, Larner J, Xiong W and Mi J: miR-21/Smad 7 signaling determines TGF-β1-induced CAF formation. Sci Rep. 3:20382013.

34 

Wang JY, Gao YB, Zhang N, Zou DW, Wang P, Zhu ZY, Li JY, Zhou SN, Wang SC, Wang YY, et al: miR-21 overexpression enhances TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by target smad7 and aggravates renal damage in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 392:163–172. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Petrović N, Mandušić V, Dimitrijević B, Roganović J, Lukić S, Todorović L and Stanojević B: Higher miR-21 expression in invasive breast carcinomas is associated with positive estrogen and progesterone receptor status in patients from Serbia. Med Oncol. 31:9772014. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Han M, Wang Y, Liu M, Bi X, Bao J, Zeng N, Zhu Z, Mo Z, Wu C and Chen X: MiR-21 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in third-sphere forming breast cancer stem cell-like cells. Cancer Sci. 103:1058–1064. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Marino AL, Evangelista AF, Vieira RA, Macedo T, Kerr LM, Abrahão-Machado LF, Longatto-Filho A, Silveira HC and Marques MM: MicroRNA expression as risk biomarker of breast cancer metastasis: A pilot retrospective case-cohort study. BMC Cancer. 14:7392014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Petrović N, Mandušić V, Stanojević B, Lukić S, Todorović L, Roganović J and Dimitrijević B: The difference in miR-21 expression levels between invasive and non-invasive breast cancers emphasizes its role in breast cancer invasion. Med Oncol. 31:8672014. View Article : Google Scholar

39 

Chen J and Wang X: MicroRNA-21 in breast cancer: Diagnostic and prognostic potential. Clin Transl Oncol. 16:225–233. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

40 

Azuma H, Ehata S, Miyazaki H, Watabe T, Maruyama O, Imamura T, Sakamoto T, Kiyama S, Kiyama Y, Ubai T, et al: Effect of Smad7 expression on metastasis of mouse mammary carcinoma JygMC(A) cells. J Natl Cancer Inst. 97:1734–1746. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Han M, Wang F, Gu Y, Pei X, Guo G, Yu C, Li L, Zhu M, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al: MicroRNA-21 induces breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing smad7 via EGF and TGF-β pathways. Oncol Rep 35: 73-80, 2016.
APA
Han, M., Wang, F., Gu, Y., Pei, X., Guo, G., Yu, C. ... Wang, Y. (2016). MicroRNA-21 induces breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing smad7 via EGF and TGF-β pathways. Oncology Reports, 35, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4360
MLA
Han, M., Wang, F., Gu, Y., Pei, X., Guo, G., Yu, C., Li, L., Zhu, M., Xiong, Y., Wang, Y."MicroRNA-21 induces breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing smad7 via EGF and TGF-β pathways". Oncology Reports 35.1 (2016): 73-80.
Chicago
Han, M., Wang, F., Gu, Y., Pei, X., Guo, G., Yu, C., Li, L., Zhu, M., Xiong, Y., Wang, Y."MicroRNA-21 induces breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing smad7 via EGF and TGF-β pathways". Oncology Reports 35, no. 1 (2016): 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4360
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Han M, Wang F, Gu Y, Pei X, Guo G, Yu C, Li L, Zhu M, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al: MicroRNA-21 induces breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing smad7 via EGF and TGF-β pathways. Oncol Rep 35: 73-80, 2016.
APA
Han, M., Wang, F., Gu, Y., Pei, X., Guo, G., Yu, C. ... Wang, Y. (2016). MicroRNA-21 induces breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing smad7 via EGF and TGF-β pathways. Oncology Reports, 35, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4360
MLA
Han, M., Wang, F., Gu, Y., Pei, X., Guo, G., Yu, C., Li, L., Zhu, M., Xiong, Y., Wang, Y."MicroRNA-21 induces breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing smad7 via EGF and TGF-β pathways". Oncology Reports 35.1 (2016): 73-80.
Chicago
Han, M., Wang, F., Gu, Y., Pei, X., Guo, G., Yu, C., Li, L., Zhu, M., Xiong, Y., Wang, Y."MicroRNA-21 induces breast cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing smad7 via EGF and TGF-β pathways". Oncology Reports 35, no. 1 (2016): 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2015.4360
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team