Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 36 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 36 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Effect of PPM1H on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Han Zhu
    • Hua Qin
    • De-Min Li
    • Jing Liu
    • Qiu Zhao
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2926-2934
    |
    Published online on: September 5, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5065
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of silencing gene protein phosphatase 1H (PPM1H) on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. In order to explore the function of PPM1H in pancreatic cancer cells, real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of PPM1H in different pancreatic cancer cell lines. Human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 was treated with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 and 200 ng/ml BMP2 for 72 h, respectively, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPM1H and EMT-related markers (E-cadherin, vimentin) were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Using exogenous RNA interference technology to silence the PPM1H gene, the expression of PPM1H and EMT-related markers at mRNA and protein levels were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. The cell migration and invasion were measured using Transwell assays. Finally, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to determine the effect of PPM1H on cell proliferation and apoptosis of BxPC-3 cells. The expression levels of PPM1H in all of the examined pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC-3, MIA-PACA2, PANC-1, SW1990, PANC-03.27) were lower than that of normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (HPDE6-C7) at both mRNA and protein levels. Both TGF-β1 and BMP2 treatment induced EMT and downregulation of PPM1H in BxPC-3 cells. By using RNA interference to transiently knock down PPM1H expression in BxPC-3 cells, we found that the expression of E-cadherin was downregulated while vimentin was up­regulated. The data suggested that silencing PPM1H gene can induce EMT in BxPC-3 cells. In addition, Transwell migration assays showed that silencing PPM1H gene can promote the invasion and metastasis of BxPC-3 cells. Cell proliferation and apotosis detection demonstrated that silencing PPM1H gene can promote the proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of BxPC-3 cells. In conclusion, PPM1H is aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and can be downregulated when EMT is induced by cytokine stimulation. Silencing PPM1H gene can induce EMT in BxPC-3 cells, and promote the invasion and metastasis of BxPC-3 cells. Moreover, silencing PPM1H gene can promote the proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of BxPC-3 cells. PPM1H may be a new tumor-suppressor factor for pancreatic cancer and provides new insight into molecular targets for gene therapy of pancreatic cancer.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 62:10–29. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 63:11–30. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Stathis A and Moore MJ: Advanced pancreatic carcinoma: Current treatment and future challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 7:163–172. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Xu C, Li H, Su C and Li Z: Viral therapy for pancreatic cancer: Tackle the bad guys with poison. Cancer Lett. 333:1–8. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Hidalgo M: Pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 362:1605–1617. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts & Figures 2009. American Cancer Society; Atlanta, GA: pp. 18–19. 2009

7 

Vincent A, Herman J, Schulick R, Hruban RH and Goggins M: Pancreatic cancer. Lancet. 378:607–620. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Sarkar FH, Li Y, Wang Z and Kong D: Pancreatic cancer stem cells and EMT in drug resistance and metastasis. Minerva Chir. 64:489–500. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Li Y, Kong D, Ahmad A, Bao B and Sarkar FH: Pancreatic cancer stem cells: Emerging target for designing novel therapy. Cancer Lett. 338:94–100. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Tsuji T, Ibaragi S and Hu GF: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell cooperativity in metastasis. Cancer Res. 69:7135–7139. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Arumugam T, Ramachandran V, Fournier KF, Wang H, Marquis L, Abbruzzese JL, Gallick GE, Logsdon CD, McConkey DJ and Choi W: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition contributes to drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res. 69:5820–5828. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Rasheed ZA, Yang J, Wang Q, Kowalski J, Freed I, Murter C, Hong SM, Koorstra JB, Rajeshkumar NV, He X, et al: Prognostic significance of tumorigenic cells with mesenchymal features in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 102:340–351. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Ali S, Ahmad A, Banerjee S, Padhye S, Dominiak K, Schaffert JM, Wang Z, Philip PA and Sarkar FH: Gemcitabine sensitivity can be induced in pancreatic cancer cells through modulation of miR-200 and miR-21 expression by curcumin or its analogue CDF. Cancer Res. 70:3606–3617. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Singh A and Settleman J: EMT, cancer stem cells and drug resistance: An emerging axis of evil in the war on cancer. Oncogene. 29:4741–4751. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Polyak K and Weinberg RA: Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states: Acquisition of malignant and stem cell traits. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:265–273. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Iwatsuki M, Mimori K, Yokobori T, Ishi H, Beppu T, Nakamori S, Baba H and Mori M: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer development and its clinical significance. Cancer Sci. 101:293–299. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Castellanos JA, Merchant NB and Nagathihalli NS: Emerging targets in pancreatic cancer: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. Onco Targets Ther. 6:1261–1267. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Shin SJ, Kim KO, Kim MK, Lee KH, Hyun MS, Kim KJ, Choi JH and Song HS: Expression of E-cadherin and uPA and their association with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 35:342–348. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Li Y, VandenBoom TG II, Kong D, Wang Z, Ali S, Philip PA and Sarkar FH: Up-regulation of miR-200 and let-7 by natural agents leads to the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res. 69:6704–6712. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Nagaraj NS, Washington MK and Merchant NB: Combined blockade of Src kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor with gemcitabine overcomes STAT3-mediated resistance of inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth. Clin Cancer Res. 17:483–493. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Raida M, Clement JH, Leek RD, Ameri K, Bicknell R, Niederwieser D and Harris AL: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and induction of tumor angiogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 131:741–750. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Wakefield LM and Hill CS: Beyond TGFβ: Roles of other TGFβ superfamily members in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 13:328–341. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Carreira AC, Alves GG, Zambuzzi WF, Sogayar MC and Granjeiro JM: Bone morphogenetic proteins: Structure, biological function and therapeutic applications. Arch Biochem Biophys. 561:64–73. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Senturk S, Mumcuoglu M, Gursoy-Yuzugullu O, Cingoz B, Akcali KC and Ozturk M: Transforming growth factor-beta induces senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and inhibits tumor growth. Hepatology. 52:966–974. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Ikushima H and Miyazono K: TGFbeta signalling: A complex web in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 10:415–424. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kaminska B, Wesolowska A and Danilkiewicz M: TGF beta signalling and its role in tumour pathogenesis. Acta Biochim Pol. 52:329–337. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Wharton K and Derynck R: TGFbeta family signaling: Novel insights in development and disease. Development. 136:3691–3697. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Chen X, Liao J, Lu Y, Duan X and Sun W: Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway mediates bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced invasion of pancreatic cancer cells Panc-1. Pathol Oncol Res. 17:257–261. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Kang MH, Oh SC, Lee HJ, Kang HN, Kim JL, Kim JS and Yoo YA: Metastatic function of BMP-2 in gastric cancer cells: The role of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, the NF-κB pathway, and MMP-9 expression. Exp Cell Res. 317:1746–1762. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Cano CE, Motoo Y and Iovanna JL: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci World J. 10:1947–1957. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Sugiura T, Noguchi Y, Sakurai K and Hattori C: Protein phosphatase 1H, overexpressed in colon adenocarcinoma, is associated with CSE1L. Cancer Biol Ther. 7:285–292. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Lee-Hoeflich ST, Pham TQ, Dowbenko D, Munroe X, Lee J, Li L, Zhou W, Haverty PM, Pujara K, Stinson J, et al: PPM1H is a p27 phosphatase implicated in trastuzumab resistance. Cancer Discov. 1:326–337. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Aceto N and Bentires-Alj M: On the road to combinations of targeted therapies: PPM1H phosphatase as a suppressor of trastuzumab resistance. Cancer Discov. 1:285–286. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Shen T, Sun C, Zhang Z, Xu N, Duan X, Feng XH and Lin X: Specific control of BMP signaling and mesenchymal differentiation by cytoplasmic phosphatase PPM1H. Cell Res. 24:727–741. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY and Nieto MA: Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell. 139:871–890. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Christiansen JJ and Rajasekaran AK: Reassessing epithelial to mesenchymal transition as a prerequisite for carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res. 66:8319–8326. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Mani SA, Guo W, Liao M-J, Eaton EN, Ayyanan A, Zhou AY, Brooks M, Reinhard F, Zhang CC, Shipitsin M, et al: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell. 133:704–715. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Floor S, van Staveren WC, Larsimont D, Dumont JE and Maenhaut C: Cancer cells in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumor-propagating-cancer stem cells: Distinct, overlapping or same populations. Oncogene. 30:4609–4621. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Santisteban M, Reiman JM, Asiedu MK, Behrens MD, Nassar A, Kalli KR, Haluska P, Ingle JN, Hartmann LC, Manjili MH, et al: Immune-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in vivo generates breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Res. 69:2887–2895. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Shreeram S and Bulavin DV: PPM1H - new kid on the block. Cancer Biol Ther. 7:293–294. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Leung-Hagesteijn C, Mahendra A, Naruszewicz I and Hannigan GE: Modulation of integrin signal transduction by ILKAP, a protein phosphatase 2C associating with the integrin-linked kinase, ILK1. EMBO J. 20:2160–2170. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Gao T, Furnari F and Newton AC: PHLPP: A phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates Akt, promotes apoptosis, and suppresses tumor growth. Mol Cell. 18:13–24. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Shreeram S, Demidov ON, Hee WK, Yamaguchi H, Onishi N, Kek C, Timofeev ON, Dudgeon C, Fornace AJ, Anderson CW, et al: Wip1 phosphatase modulates ATM-dependent signaling pathways. Mol Cell. 23:757–764. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Derynck R and Zhang YE: Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling. Nature. 425:577–584. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Moustakas A and Heldin CH: Non-Smad TGF-beta signals. J Cell Sci. 118:3573–3584. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Gordon KJ, Kirkbride KC, How T and Blobe GC: Bone morphogenetic proteins induce pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness through a Smad1-dependent mechanism that involves matrix metalloproteinase-2. Carcinogenesis. 30:238–248. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar :

47 

Deer EL, González-Hernández J, Coursen JD, Shea JE, Ngatia J, Scaife CL, Firpo MA and Mulvihill SJ: Phenotype and genotype of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Pancreas. 39:425–435. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Wilentz RE, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Argani P, McCarthy DM, Parsons JL, Yeo CJ, Kern SE and Hruban RH: Loss of expression of Dpc4 in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: Evidence that DPC4 inactivation occurs late in neoplastic progression. Cancer Res. 60:2002–2006. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

49 

Chang F, Lee JT, Navolanic PM, Steelman LS, Shelton JG, Blalock WL, Franklin RA and McCubrey JA: Involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and neoplastic transformation: A target for cancer chemotherapy. Leukemia. 17:590–603. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Altomare DA and Testa JR: Perturbations of the AKT signaling pathway in human cancer. Oncogene. 24:7455–7464. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhu H, Qin H, Li D, Liu J and Zhao Q: Effect of PPM1H on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 36: 2926-2934, 2016.
APA
Zhu, H., Qin, H., Li, D., Liu, J., & Zhao, Q. (2016). Effect of PPM1H on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 36, 2926-2934. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5065
MLA
Zhu, H., Qin, H., Li, D., Liu, J., Zhao, Q."Effect of PPM1H on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36.5 (2016): 2926-2934.
Chicago
Zhu, H., Qin, H., Li, D., Liu, J., Zhao, Q."Effect of PPM1H on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36, no. 5 (2016): 2926-2934. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5065
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhu H, Qin H, Li D, Liu J and Zhao Q: Effect of PPM1H on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 36: 2926-2934, 2016.
APA
Zhu, H., Qin, H., Li, D., Liu, J., & Zhao, Q. (2016). Effect of PPM1H on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncology Reports, 36, 2926-2934. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5065
MLA
Zhu, H., Qin, H., Li, D., Liu, J., Zhao, Q."Effect of PPM1H on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36.5 (2016): 2926-2934.
Chicago
Zhu, H., Qin, H., Li, D., Liu, J., Zhao, Q."Effect of PPM1H on malignant phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells". Oncology Reports 36, no. 5 (2016): 2926-2934. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5065
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team