Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
June-2017 Volume 37 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2017 Volume 37 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancer in a Middle East population: Potential value as a tumor biomarker for late disease stages

  • Authors:
    • Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
    • Mansoor-Ali Valli-Mohammed
    • Khayal Al-Khayal
    • Abdulmalik Al Shkieh
    • Ahmad Zubaidi
    • Rehan Ahmad
    • Khalid Al-Saleh
    • Omar Al-Obeed
    • James McKerrow
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Pathology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
    Copyright: © Abdulla et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3175-3180
    |
    Published online on: April 18, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5576
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Cathepsin B (CTSB), is a cysteine protease belonging to the cathepsin (Clan CA) family. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of increased CTSB in the serum of cancer patients have been evaluated for some tumor types. CTSB serum and protein levels have also been reported previously in colorectal cancer (CRC) with contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to investigate CTSB expression in CRC patients and the association of CTSB expression with various tumor stages in a Middle East population. Serum CTSB levels were evaluated in 70 patients and 20 healthy control subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) technique. CTSB expression was determined in 100 pairs of CRC tumor and adjacent normal colonic tissue using quantitative PCR for mRNA levels. Detection of CTSB protein expression in tissues was carried out using both immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques. ELISA analysis showed that in sera obtained from CRC patients, the CTSB concentration was significantly higher in late stage patients with lymph node metastases when compared to early stage patients with values of 2.9 and 0.33 ng/ml, respectively (P=0.001). The majority of tumors studied had detectable CTSB protein expression with significant increased positive staining in tumors cells when compared with matched normal colon subjects (P=0.006). The mRNA expression in early stage CRC compared to late stage CRC was 0.04±0.01 and 0.07±0.02, respectively. Increased mRNA expression was more frequently observed in the advanced cancer stages with lymph node metastases when compared with the control (P=0.002). Mann-Whitney test and paired t-test were used to compare serum CTSB and mRNA levels in early and late tumor stage. A subset of four paired tissue extracts were analyzed by western blotting. The result confirmed a consistent increase in the CTSB protein expression level in tumor tissues compared with that noted in the adjacent normal mucosal cells. These findings indicate that CTSB may be an important prognostic biomarker for late stage CRC and cases with lymph node metastases in the Middle Eastern population. Monitoring serum CTSB in CRC patients may predict and/or diagnose cases with lymph node metastases.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Siegel R, Naishadham D and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 63:11–30. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Schoen RE, Pinsky PF, Weissfeld JL, Yokochi LA, Church T, Laiyemo AO, Bresalier R, Andriole GL, Buys SS, Crawford ED, et al: PLCO Project Team: Colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality with screening flexible sigmoidoscopy. N Engl J Med. 366:2345–2357. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D and Bray F: Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 136:E359–E386. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Mosli MH and Al-Ahwal MS: Colorectal cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Need for screening. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 13:3809–3813. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Fearon ER and Vogelstein B: A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell. 61:759–767. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

De Rosa M, Rega D, Costabile V, Duraturo F, Niglio A, Izzo P, Pace U and Delrio P: The biological complexity of colorectal cancer: Insights into biomarkers for early detection and personalized care. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 9:861–886. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Keppler D, Sameni M, Moin K, Mikkelsen T, Diglio CA and Sloane BF: Tumor progression and angiogenesis: Cathepsin B & Co. Biochem Cell Biol. 74:799–810. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Mohamed MM and Sloane BF: Cysteine cathepsins: Multifunctional enzymes in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 6:764–775. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Gondi CS and Rao JS: Cathepsin B as a cancer target. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 17:281–291. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Marten K, Bremer C, Khazaie K, Sameni M, Sloane B, Tung CH and Weissleder R: Detection of dysplastic intestinal adenomas using enzyme-sensing molecular beacons in mice. Gastroenterology. 122:406–414. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Bengsch F, Buck A, Günther SC, Seiz JR, Tacke M, Pfeifer D, von Elverfeldt D, Sevenich L, Hillebrand LE, Kern U, et al: Cell type-dependent pathogenic functions of overexpressed human cathepsin B in murine breast cancer progression. Oncogene. 33:4474–4484. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Lim IT, Meroueh SO, Lee M, Heeg MJ and Mobashery S: Strategy in inhibition of cathepsin B, a target in tumor invasion and metastasis. J Am Chem Soc. 126:10271–10277. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Schmitt M, Jänicke F, Moniwa N, Chucholowski N, Pache L and Graeff H: Tumor-associated urokinase-type plasminogen activator: Biological and clinical significance. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 373:611–622. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Emmert-Buck MR, Roth MJ, Zhuang Z, Campo E, Rozhin J, Sloane BF, Liotta LA and Stetler-Stevenson WG: Increased gelatinase A (MMP-2) and cathepsin B activity in invasive tumor regions of human colon cancer samples. Am J Pathol. 145:1285–1290. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

15 

Khan A, Krishna M, Baker SP and Banner BF: Cathepsin B and tumor-associated laminin expression in the progression of colorectal adenoma to carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 11:704–708. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Adenis A, Huet G, Zerimech F, Hecquet B, Balduyck M, Peyrat JP and Cathepsin B: Cathepsin BL, and D activities in colorectal carcinomas: Relationship with clinico-pathological parameters. Cancer Lett. 96:267–275. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Troy AM, Sheahan K, Mulcahy HE, Duffy MJ, Hyland JM and O'Donoghue DP: Expression of Cathepsin B and L antigen and activity is associated with early colorectal cancer progression. Eur J Cancer. 40:1610–1616. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Sinha AA, Gleason DF, Deleon OF, Wilson MJ and Sloane BF: Localization of a biotinylated cathepsin B oligonucleotide probe in human prostate including invasive cells and invasive edges by in situ hybridization. Anat Rec. 235:233–240. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Rempel SA, Rosenblum ML, Mikkelsen T, Yan PS, Ellis KD, Golembieski WA, Sameni M, Rozhin J, Ziegler G and Sloane BF: Cathepsin B expression and localization in glioma progression and invasion. Cancer Res. 54:6027–6031. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Matarrese P, Ascione B, Ciarlo L, Vona R, Leonetti C, Scarsella M, Mileo AM, Catricalà C, Paggi MG and Malorni W: Cathepsin B inhibition interferes with metastatic potential of human melanoma: An in vitro and in vivo study. Mol Cancer. 9:2072010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Sevenich L, Schurigt U, Sachse K, Gajda M, Werner F, Müller S, Vasiljeva O, Schwinde A, Klemm N, Deussing J, et al: Synergistic antitumor effects of combined cathepsin B and cathepsin Z deficiencies on breast cancer progression and metastasis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:pp. 2497–2502. 2010; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Sevenich L, Werner F, Gajda M, Schurigt U, Sieber C, Müller S, Follo M, Peters C and Reinheckel T: Transgenic expression of human cathepsin B promotes progression and metastasis of polyoma-middle-T-induced breast cancer in mice. Oncogene. 30:54–64. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Gong F, Peng X, Luo C, Shen G, Zhao C, Zou L, Li L, Sang Y, Zhao Y and Zhao X: Cathepsin B as a potential prognostic and therapeutic marker for human lung squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer. 12:1252013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Bian B, Mongrain S, Cagnol S, Langlois MJ, Boulanger J, Bernatchez G, Carrier JC, Boudreau F and Rivard N: Cathepsin B promotes colorectal tumorigenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis. Mol Carcinog. 55:671–687. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Chan AT, Baba Y, Shima K, Nosho K, Chung DC, Hung KE, Mahmood U, Madden K, Poss K, Ranieri A, et al: Cathepsin B expression and survival in colon cancer: Implications for molecular detection of neoplasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 19:2777–2785. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Al Obeed OA, Alkhayal KA, Al Sheikh A, Zubaidi AM, Vaali-Mohammed MA, Boushey R, Mckerrow JH and Abdulla MH: Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α is associated with advanced colorectal cancer stages. World J Gastroenterol. 20:18390–18396. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Leonard L, Gunderson, Jessup JM, Sargent D, Greene F and Stewart Andrew: Revised TN categorization for colon cancer based on national survival outcomes data. J Clin Oncol. 28:2010.PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kos J, Nielsen HJ, Krasovec M, Christensen IJ, Cimerman N, Stephens RW and Brünner N: Prognostic values of cathepsin B and carcinoembryonic antigen in sera of patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 4:1511–1516. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Sheahan K, Shuja S and Murnane MJ: Cysteine protease activities and tumor development in human colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Res. 49:3809–3814. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

30 

Murnane MJ, Sheahan K, Ozdemirli M and Shuja S: Stage specific increases in cathepsin B messenger RNA content in human colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Res. 51:1 137–1142. 1991.

31 

Tu C, Ortega-Cava CF, Chen G, Fernandes ND, Cavallo-Medved D, Sloane BF, Band V and Band H: Lysosomal cathepsin B participates in the podosome-mediated extracellular matrix degradation and invasion via secreted lysosomes in v-Src fibroblasts. Cancer Res. 68:9147–9156. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Hirai K, Yokoyama M, Asano G and Tanaka S: Expression of cathepsin B and cystatin C in human colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol. 30:680–686. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Talieri M, Papadopoulou S, Scorilas A, Xynopoulos D, Arnogianaki N, Plataniotis G, Yotis J and Agnanti N: Cathepsin B and cathepsin D expression in the progression of colorectal adenoma to carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 205:97–106. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Shuja S, Sheahan K and Murnane MJ: Cysteine endopeptidase activity levels in normal human tissues, colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Int J Cancer. 49:341–346. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Victor BC, Anbalagan A, Mohamed MM, Sloane BF and Cavallo-Medved D: Inhibition of cathepsin B activity attenuates extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory breast cancer invasion. Breast Cancer Res. 13:R1152011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Campo E, Muñoz J, Miquel R, Palacín A, Cardesa A, Sloane BF and Emmert-Buck MR: Cathepsin B expression in colorectal carcinomas correlates with tumor progression and shortened patient survival. Am J Pathol. 145:301–309. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Devetzi M, Scorilas A, Tsiambas E, Sameni M, Fotiou S, Sloane BF and Talieri M: Cathepsin B protein levels in endometrial cancer: Potential value as a tumour biomarker. Gynecol Oncol. 112:531–536. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Gopinathan A, Denicola GM, Frese KK, Cook N, Karreth FA, Mayerle J, Lerch MM, Reinheckel T and Tuveson DA: Cathepsin B promotes the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice. Gut. 61:877–884. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Konduri S, Lakka SS, Tasiou A, Yanamandra N, Gondi CS, Dinh DH, Olivero WC, Gujrati M and Rao JS: Elevated levels of cathepsin B in human glioblastoma cell lines. Int J Oncol. 19:519–524. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Withana NP, Blum G, Sameni M, Slaney C, Anbalagan A, Olive MB, Bidwell BN, Edgington L, Wang L, Moin K, et al: Cathepsin B inhibition limits bone metastasis in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 72:1199–1209. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Abdulla M, Valli-Mohammed M, Al-Khayal K, Al Shkieh A, Zubaidi A, Ahmad R, Al-Saleh K, Al-Obeed O and McKerrow J: Cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancer in a Middle East population: Potential value as a tumor biomarker for late disease stages. Oncol Rep 37: 3175-3180, 2017.
APA
Abdulla, M., Valli-Mohammed, M., Al-Khayal, K., Al Shkieh, A., Zubaidi, A., Ahmad, R. ... McKerrow, J. (2017). Cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancer in a Middle East population: Potential value as a tumor biomarker for late disease stages. Oncology Reports, 37, 3175-3180. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5576
MLA
Abdulla, M., Valli-Mohammed, M., Al-Khayal, K., Al Shkieh, A., Zubaidi, A., Ahmad, R., Al-Saleh, K., Al-Obeed, O., McKerrow, J."Cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancer in a Middle East population: Potential value as a tumor biomarker for late disease stages". Oncology Reports 37.6 (2017): 3175-3180.
Chicago
Abdulla, M., Valli-Mohammed, M., Al-Khayal, K., Al Shkieh, A., Zubaidi, A., Ahmad, R., Al-Saleh, K., Al-Obeed, O., McKerrow, J."Cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancer in a Middle East population: Potential value as a tumor biomarker for late disease stages". Oncology Reports 37, no. 6 (2017): 3175-3180. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5576
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Abdulla M, Valli-Mohammed M, Al-Khayal K, Al Shkieh A, Zubaidi A, Ahmad R, Al-Saleh K, Al-Obeed O and McKerrow J: Cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancer in a Middle East population: Potential value as a tumor biomarker for late disease stages. Oncol Rep 37: 3175-3180, 2017.
APA
Abdulla, M., Valli-Mohammed, M., Al-Khayal, K., Al Shkieh, A., Zubaidi, A., Ahmad, R. ... McKerrow, J. (2017). Cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancer in a Middle East population: Potential value as a tumor biomarker for late disease stages. Oncology Reports, 37, 3175-3180. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5576
MLA
Abdulla, M., Valli-Mohammed, M., Al-Khayal, K., Al Shkieh, A., Zubaidi, A., Ahmad, R., Al-Saleh, K., Al-Obeed, O., McKerrow, J."Cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancer in a Middle East population: Potential value as a tumor biomarker for late disease stages". Oncology Reports 37.6 (2017): 3175-3180.
Chicago
Abdulla, M., Valli-Mohammed, M., Al-Khayal, K., Al Shkieh, A., Zubaidi, A., Ahmad, R., Al-Saleh, K., Al-Obeed, O., McKerrow, J."Cathepsin B expression in colorectal cancer in a Middle East population: Potential value as a tumor biomarker for late disease stages". Oncology Reports 37, no. 6 (2017): 3175-3180. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5576
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team