Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Oncology Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1021-335X Online ISSN: 1791-2431
Journal Cover
August-2017 Volume 38 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2017 Volume 38 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Glioma cells enhance angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through the release of exosomes that contain long non-coding RNA CCAT2

  • Authors:
    • Hai-Li Lang
    • Guo-Wen Hu
    • Bo Zhang
    • Wei Kuang
    • Yong Chen
    • Lei Wu
    • Guo-Hai Xu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Pingxiang City, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Lang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 785-798
    |
    Published online on: June 22, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5742
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Angiogenesis is a key event in the progression of gliomas. Exosomes, as signaling extracellular organelles, modulate the tumor microenvironment and promote angiogenesis and tumor progression. We previously demonstrated that long intergenic non-coding RNA CCAT2 (linc-CCAT2) was overexpressed in glioma tissues and functioned to promote glioma progression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore an underlying mechanism of glioma cell-affected angiogenesis. First, qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression level of linc-CCAT2 in 4 glioma cell lines and 293T cells, and the results revealed that the U87-MG cells exhibited the highest expression level. Subsequently, the pro-angiogenesis function of exosomes that were derived from negative control shRNA-treated U87-MG cells (ncU87-Exo) and linc-CCAT2 shRNA-treated U87-MG cells (shU87-Exo) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. We found that ncU87-Exo, which was enriched in linc-CCAT2, could be taken up by HUVECs. ncU87-Exo improved the linc-CCAT2 expression level in HUVECs and more strongly promoted HUVEC migration, proliferation, tubular-like structure formation in vitro and arteriole formation in vivo as well as inhibited HUVEC apoptosis induced by hypoxia. Further mechanistic studies revealed that ncU87-Exo could upregulate VEGFA and TGFβ expression in HUVECs as well as promote Bcl-2 expression and inhibit Bax and caspase-3 expression. Finally, gain-/loss-of-function studies revealed that the overexpression of linc-CCAT2 in HUVECs activated VEGFA and TGFβ, promoted angiogenesis, promoted Bcl-2 expression and inhibited Bax and caspase-3 expression, thus decreasing apoptosis. Downregulation of linc-CCAT2 revealed the opposite effect. Thus, our results revealed a new exosome‑mediated mechanism by which glioma cells could promote angiogenesis through the transfer of linc-CCAT2 by exosomes to endothelial cells. Moreover, we suggest that exosomes and linc-CCAT2 are putative therapeutic targets in glioma.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

View References

1 

Carmeliet P: Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine. Nature. 438:932–936. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Carmeliet P and Jain RK: Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis. Nature. 473:298–307. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Kerbel RS: Tumor angiogenesis. N Engl J Med. 358:2039–2049. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Folkman J: What is the evidence that tumors are angiogenesis dependent? J Natl Cancer Inst. 82:4–6. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Millauer B, Shawver LK, Plate KH, Risau W and Ullrich A: Glioblastoma growth inhibited in vivo by a dominant-negative Flk-1 mutant. Nature. 367:576–579. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Tsai AC, Pan SL, Liao CH, Guh JH, Wang SW, Sun HL, Liu YN, Chen CC, Shen CC, Chang YL, et al: Moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative from the India orchid Dendrobium loddigesii, suppresses tumor angiogenesis and growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett. 292:163–170. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Algire GH: Vascular reactions of normal and malignant tissues in vivo. VII. Observations on vascular reactions in destruction of tumor homografts. J Natl Cancer Inst. 15:483–491. 1954.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Fulop J, Liu M, Blanda R, Kromer C, Wolinsky Y, Kruchko C and Barnholtz-Sloan JS: CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2008–2012. Neuro Oncol. 17:(Suppl 4). iv1–iv62. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Rahman R, Smith S, Rahman C and Grundy R: Antiangiogenic therapy and mechanisms of tumor resistance in malignant glioma. J Oncol. 2010:2512312010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Onishi M, Ichikawa T, Kurozumi K and Date I: Angiogenesis and invasion in glioma. Brain Tumor Pathol. 28:13–24. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Andaloussi ELS, Mäger I, Breakefield XO and Wood MJ: Extracellular vesicles: Biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 12:347–357. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Valadi H, Ekström K, Bossios A, Sjöstrand M, Lee JJ and Lötvall JO: Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells. Nat Cell Biol. 9:654–659. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Zheng X, Ye C, Zhao J, Bian P, Zhang Y and Jia Z: Alterations and clinical signifecance of exosome-containing innate immunity related lncRNAs in patients of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 32:1522–1526. 2016.(In Chinese). PubMed/NCBI

14 

Wang Z, Chen J-Q, Liu JL and Tian L: Exosomes in tumor microenvironment: Novel transporters and biomarkers. J Transl Med. 14:2972016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Peinado H, Alečković M, Lavotshkin S, Matei I, Costa-Silva B, Moreno-Bueno G, Hergueta-Redondo M, Williams C, García-Santos G, Ghajar C, et al: Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET. Nat Med. 18:883–891. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Santos JC, Ribeiro ML, Sarian LO, Ortega MM and Derchain SF: Exosomes-mediate microRNAs transfer in breast cancer chemoresistance regulation. Am J Cancer Res. 6:2129–2139. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

17 

Arscott WT, Tandle AT, Zhao S, Shabason JE, Gordon IK, Schlaff CD, Zhang G, Tofilon PJ and Camphausen KA: Ionizing radiation and glioblastoma exosomes: implications in tumor biology and cell migration. Transl Oncol. 6:638–648. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Skog J, Würdinger T, van Rijn S, Meijer DH, Gainche L, Sena-Esteves M, Curry WT Jr, Carter BS, Krichevsky AM and Breakefield XO: Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkers. Nat Cell Biol. 10:1470–1476. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Vance KW and Ponting CP: Transcriptional regulatory functions of nuclear long noncoding RNAs. Trends Genet. 30:348–355. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Luo H, Bu D, Sun L, Fang S, Liu Z and Zhao Y: Identification and function annotation of long intervening noncoding RNAs. Brief Bioinform: bbw046. 2016.doi: 10.1093/bib/bbw046. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Meseure D, Alsibai Drak K, Nicolas A, Bieche I and Morillon A: Long noncoding RNAs as new architects in cancer epigenetics, prognostic biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets. Biomed Res Int. 2015:3202142015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Pandey GK and Kanduri C: Long noncoding RNAs and neuroblastoma. Oncotarget. 6:18265–18275. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Guo H, Hu G, Yang Q, Zhang P, Kuang W, Zhu X and Wu L: Knockdown of long non-coding RNA CCAT2 suppressed proliferation and migration of glioma cells. Oncotarget. 7:81806–81814. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Conigliaro A, Costa V, Dico Lo A, Saieva L, Buccheri S, Dieli F, Manno M, Raccosta S, Mancone C, Tripodi M, et al: CD90+ liver cancer cells modulate endothelial cell phenotype through the release of exosomes containing H19 lncRNA. Mol Cancer. 14:1552015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hu GW, Li Q, Niu X, Hu B, Liu J, Zhou SM, Guo SC, Lang HL, Zhang CQ, Wang Y, et al: Exosomes secreted by human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate limb ischemia by promoting angiogenesis in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther. 6:102015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Guo H, Wu L, Yang Q, Ye M and Zhu X: Functional linc-POU3F3 is overexpressed and contributes to tumorigenesis in glioma. Gene. 554:114–119. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Villarroya-Beltri C, Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Sánchez-Madrid F and Mittelbrunn M: Analysis of microRNA and protein transfer by exosomes during an immune synapse. In: Circulating MicroRNAs Methods Mol Biol. 1024:41–51. 2013.

28 

de Vrij J, Maas SL, van Nispen M, Sena-Esteves M, Limpens RW, Koster AJ, Leenstra S, Lamfers ML and Broekman ML: Quantification of nanosized extracellular membrane vesicles with scanning ion occlusion sensing. Nanomedicine (Lond). 8:1443–1458. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Khoury S, Ajuyah P and Tran N: Isolation of small noncoding RNAs from human serum. J Vis Exp. 88:e514432014.

30 

Guescini M, Genedani S, Stocchi V and Agnati LF: Astrocytes and glioblastoma cells release exosomes carrying mtDNA. J Neural Transm Vienna. 117:1–4. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Nur H, Rao L, Frassanito MA, De Raeve H, Ribatti D, Mfopou JK, Van Valckenborgh E, De Bruyne E, Vacca A, Vanderkerken K, et al: Stimulation of invariant natural killer T cells by α-galactosylceramide activates the JAK-STAT pathway in endothelial cells and reduces angiogenesis in the 5T33 multiple myeloma model. Br J Haematol. 167:651–663. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Roma-Rodrigues C, Heuer-Jungemann A, Fernandes AR, Kanaras AG and Baptista PV: Peptide-coated gold nanoparticles for modulation of angiogenesis in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine. 11:2633–2639. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Prados MD, Byron SA, Tran NL, Phillips JJ, Molinaro AM, Ligon KL, Wen PY, Kuhn JG, Mellinghoff IK, de Groot JF, et al: Toward precision medicine in glioblastoma: The promise and the challenges. Neuro Oncol. 17:1051–1063. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Hendrix MJ, Seftor EA, Hess AR and Seftor RE: Vasculogenic mimicry and tumour-cell plasticity: Lessons from melanoma. Nat Rev Cancer. 3:411–421. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Balaj L, Lessard R, Dai L, Cho YJ, Pomeroy SL, Breakefield XO and Skog J: Tumour microvesicles contain retrotransposon elements and amplified oncogene sequences. Nat Commun. 2:1802011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Kogure T, Yan IK, Lin W-L and Patel T: Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of a novel long noncoding RNA TUC339: A mechanism of intercellular signaling in human hepatocellular cancer. Genes Cancer. 4:261–272. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Paralkar VR and Weiss MJ: Long noncoding RNAs in biology and hematopoiesis. Blood. 121:4842–4846. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Rutenberg-Schoenberg M, Sexton AN and Simon MD: The properties of long noncoding RNAs that regulate chromatin. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 17:69–94. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Tan JY and Marques AC: The miRNA-mediated cross-talk between transcripts provides a novel layer of posttranscriptional regulation. Adv Genet. 85:149–199. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Ulitsky I and Bartel DP: lincRNAs: Genomics, evolution, and mechanisms. Cell. 154:26–46. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Yang L, Wei H and Xiao HJ: Long non-coding RNA Loc554202 expression as a prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 20:4243–4247. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

42 

He HT, Xu M, Kuang Y, Han XY, Wang MQ and Yang Q: Biomarker and competing endogenous RNA potential of tumor-specific long noncoding RNA in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 9:6399–6406. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Lee JJ, Kim M and Kim HP: Epigenetic regulation of long noncoding RNA UCA1 by SATB1 in breast cancer. BMB Rep. 49:578–583. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Lau SK, Boutros PC, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Andrulis IL, Tsao MS and Penn LZ: The c-Myc oncogene directly induces the H19 noncoding RNA by allele-specific binding to potentiate tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 66:5330–5337. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Vital AL, Tabernero MD, Castrillo A, Rebelo O, Tão H, Gomes F, Nieto AB, Oliveira Resende C, Lopes MC and Orfao A: Gene expression profiles of human glioblastomas are associated with both tumor cytogenetics and histopathology. Neuro Oncol. 12:991–1003. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Zhang X, Sun S, Pu JKS, Tsang AC, Lee D, Man VO, Lui WM, Wong ST and Leung GK: Long non-coding RNA expression profiles predict clinical phenotypes in glioma. Neurobiol Dis. 48:1–8. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Hida K, Maishi N, Torii C and Hida Y: Tumor angiogenesis - characteristics of tumor endothelial cells. Int J Clin Oncol. 21:206–212. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Corrado C, Raimondo S, Saieva L, Flugy AM, De Leo G and Alessandro R: Exosome-mediated crosstalk between chronic myelogenous leukemia cells and human bone marrow stromal cells triggers an interleukin 8-dependent survival of leukemia cells. Cancer Lett. 348:71–76. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Kahlert C and Kalluri R: Exosomes in tumor microenvironment influence cancer progression and metastasis. J Mol Med (Berl). 91:431–437. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Dejana E: The role of wnt signaling in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Circ Res. 107:943–952. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Parmalee NL and Kitajewski J: Wnt signaling in angiogenesis. Curr Drug Targets. 9:558–564. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Chavakis E and Dimmeler S: Regulation of endothelial cell survival and apoptosis during angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 22:887–893. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Dimmeler S and Zeiher AM: Endothelial cell apoptosis in angiogenesis and vessel regression. Circ Res. 87:434–439. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Gao K, Wang YS, Yuan YJ, Wan ZH, Yao TC, Li HH, Tang PF and Mei XF: Neuroprotective effect of rapamycin on spinal cord injury via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res. 10:951–957. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Pećina-Slaus N: Wnt signal transduction pathway and apoptosis: A review. Cancer Cell Int. 10:222010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lang H, Hu G, Zhang B, Kuang W, Chen Y, Wu L and Xu G: Glioma cells enhance angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through the release of exosomes that contain long non-coding RNA CCAT2. Oncol Rep 38: 785-798, 2017.
APA
Lang, H., Hu, G., Zhang, B., Kuang, W., Chen, Y., Wu, L., & Xu, G. (2017). Glioma cells enhance angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through the release of exosomes that contain long non-coding RNA CCAT2. Oncology Reports, 38, 785-798. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5742
MLA
Lang, H., Hu, G., Zhang, B., Kuang, W., Chen, Y., Wu, L., Xu, G."Glioma cells enhance angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through the release of exosomes that contain long non-coding RNA CCAT2". Oncology Reports 38.2 (2017): 785-798.
Chicago
Lang, H., Hu, G., Zhang, B., Kuang, W., Chen, Y., Wu, L., Xu, G."Glioma cells enhance angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through the release of exosomes that contain long non-coding RNA CCAT2". Oncology Reports 38, no. 2 (2017): 785-798. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5742
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lang H, Hu G, Zhang B, Kuang W, Chen Y, Wu L and Xu G: Glioma cells enhance angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through the release of exosomes that contain long non-coding RNA CCAT2. Oncol Rep 38: 785-798, 2017.
APA
Lang, H., Hu, G., Zhang, B., Kuang, W., Chen, Y., Wu, L., & Xu, G. (2017). Glioma cells enhance angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through the release of exosomes that contain long non-coding RNA CCAT2. Oncology Reports, 38, 785-798. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5742
MLA
Lang, H., Hu, G., Zhang, B., Kuang, W., Chen, Y., Wu, L., Xu, G."Glioma cells enhance angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through the release of exosomes that contain long non-coding RNA CCAT2". Oncology Reports 38.2 (2017): 785-798.
Chicago
Lang, H., Hu, G., Zhang, B., Kuang, W., Chen, Y., Wu, L., Xu, G."Glioma cells enhance angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through the release of exosomes that contain long non-coding RNA CCAT2". Oncology Reports 38, no. 2 (2017): 785-798. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5742
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team