|
1
|
Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer
statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 66:7–30. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
2
|
Kamisawa T, Wood LD, Itoi T and Takaori K:
Pancreatic cancer. Lancet. 388:73–85. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
3
|
Chiu J and Yau T: Metastatic pancreatic
cancer: Are we making progress in treatment? Gastroenterol Res
Pract 2012. 8989312012.
|
|
4
|
Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of
cancer: The next generation. Cell. 144:646–674. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
5
|
Micalizzi DS, Haber DA and Maheswaran S:
Cancer metastasis through the prism of epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition in circulating tumor cells. Mol Oncol. 11:770–780. 2017.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6
|
Morandi A, Taddei ML, Chiarugi P and
Giannoni E: Targeting the metabolic reprogramming that controls
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in aggressive tumors. Front
Oncol. 7:402017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7
|
Yilmaz M and Christofori G: EMT, the
cytoskeleton, and cancer cell invasion. Cancer Metastasis Rev.
28:15–33. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8
|
Maeda M, Johnson KR and Wheelock MJ:
Cadherin switching: Essential for behavioral but not morphological
changes during an epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition. J Cell Sci.
118:873–887. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9
|
Wu Q, Miele L, Sarkar FH and Wang Z: The
role of EMT in pancreatic cancer progression. Pancreat Disord Ther.
2(pii): e1212012.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10
|
Rhim AD, Mirek ET, Aiello NM, Maitra A,
Bailey JM, McAllister F, Reichert M, Beatty GL, Rustgi AK,
Vonderheide RH, et al: EMT and dissemination precede pancreatic
tumor formation. Cell. 148:349–361. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11
|
Lamouille S, Connolly E, Smyth JW, Akhurst
RJ and Derynck R: TGF-β-induced activation of mTOR complex 2 drives
epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell invasion. J Cell Sci.
125:1259–1273. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12
|
Decensi A, Puntoni M, Goodwin P, Cazzaniga
M, Gennari A, Bonanni B and Gandini S: Metformin and cancer risk in
diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer
Prev Res. 3:1451–1461. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
13
|
Noto H, Goto A, Tsujimoto T and Noda M:
Cancer risk in diabetic patients treated with metformin: A
systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 7:e334112012.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14
|
Wright JL and Stanford JL: Metformin use
and prostate cancer in Caucasian men: Results from a
population-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control.
20:1617–1622. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
15
|
Currie CJ, Poole CD and Gale EA: The
influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2
diabetes. Diabetologia. 52:1766–1777. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16
|
Li D, Yeung SC, Hassan MM, Konopleva M and
Abbruzzese JL: Antidiabetic therapies affect risk of pancreatic
cancer. Gastroenterology. 137:482–488. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
17
|
Aljada A and Mousa SA: Metformin and
neoplasia: Implications and indications. Pharmacol Ther.
133:108–115. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18
|
Bhalla K, Hwang BJ, Dewi RE, Twaddel W,
Goloubeva OG, Wong KK, Saxena NK, Biswal S and Girnun GD: Metformin
prevents liver tumorigenesis by inhibiting pathways driving hepatic
lipogenesis. Cancer Prev Res. 5:544–552. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
19
|
Kato K, Gong J, Iwama H, Kitanaka A, Tani
J, Miyoshi H, Nomura K, Mimura S, Kobayashi M, Aritomo Y, et al:
The antidiabetic drug metformin inhibits gastric cancer cell
proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther. 11:549–560.
2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20
|
Courtois S, Durán RV, Giraud J, Sifré E,
Izotte J, Mégraud F, Lehours P, Varon C and Bessède E: Metformin
targets gastric cancer stem cells. Eur J Cancer. 84:193–201. 2017.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21
|
Chen K, Qian W, Jiang Z, Cheng L, Li J,
Sun L, Zhou C, Gao L, Lei M, Yan B, et al: Metformin suppresses
cancer initiation and progression in genetic mouse models of
pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer. 16:1312017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
22
|
Duan W, Chen K, Jiang Z, Chen X, Sun L, Li
J, Lei J, Xu Q, Ma J, Li X, et al: Desmoplasia suppression by
metformin-mediated AMPK activation inhibits pancreatic cancer
progression. Cancer Lett. 385:225–233. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
23
|
Duan W, Li R, Ma J, Lei J, Xu Q, Jiang Z,
Nan L, Li X, Wang Z, Huo X, et al: Overexpression of Nodal induces
a metastatic phenotype in pancreatic cancer cells via the Smad2/3
pathway. Oncotarget. 6:1490–1506. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
24
|
Jiang Z, Chen X, Chen K, Sun L, Gao L,
Zhou C, Lei M, Duan W, Wang Z, Ma Q and Ma J: YAP inhibition by
resveratrol via activation of AMPK enhances the sensitivity of
pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Nutrients. 8(pii):
E5462016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
25
|
Collisson EA and Olive KP: Pancreatic
cancer: Progress and challenges in a rapidly moving field. Cancer
Res. 77:1060–1062. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26
|
Zhang HH and Guo XL: Combinational
strategies of metformin and chemotherapy in cancers. Cancer
Chemother Pharmacol. 78:13–26. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27
|
Tian M, Neil JR and Schiemann WP:
Transforming growth factor-β and the hallmarks of cancer. Cell
Signal. 23:951–962. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28
|
Morrison CD, Parvani JG and Schiemann WP:
The relevance of the TGF-β Paradox to EMT-MET programs. Cancer
Lett. 341:30–40. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29
|
Ikushima H and Miyazono K: TGFbeta
signalling: A complex web in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer.
10:415–424. 2010. View
Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30
|
Pirozzi G, Tirino V, Camerlingo R, Franco
R, La Rocca A, Liguori E, Martucci N, Paino F, Normanno N and Rocco
G: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition by TGFβ-1 induction
increases stemness characteristics in primary non small cell lung
cancer cell line. PLoS One. 6:e215482011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
31
|
Xu J, Lamouille S and Derynck R:
TGF-beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cell Res.
19:156–172. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
32
|
Lamouille S and Derynck R: Cell size and
invasion in TGF-beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition
is regulated by activation of the mTOR pathway. J Cell Biol.
178:437–451. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33
|
Ellenrieder V, Hendler SF, Ruhland C,
Boeck W, Adler G and Gress TM: TGF-beta-induced invasiveness of
pancreatic cancer cells is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-2
and the urokinase plasminogen activator system. Int J Cancer.
93:204–211. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34
|
Yin T, Wang C, Liu T, Zhao G and Zhou F:
Implication of EMT induced by TGF-beta1 in pancreatic cancer. J
Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Med Sci. 26:700–702. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
35
|
Feig C, Gopinathan A, Neesse A, Chan DS,
Cook N and Tuveson DA: The pancreas cancer microenvironment. Clin
Cancer Res. 18:4266–4276. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
36
|
Apte MV, Park S, Phillips PA, Santucci N,
Goldstein D, Kumar RK, Ramm GA, Buchler M, Friess H, McCarroll JA,
et al: Desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic cancer: Role of
pancreatic stellate cells. Pancreas. 29:179–187. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37
|
Tang D, Wang D, Yuan Z, Xue X, Zhang Y, An
Y, Chen J, Tu M, Lu Z, Wei J, et al: Persistent activation of
pancreatic stellate cells creates a microenvironment favorable for
the malignant behavior of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J
Cancer. 132:993–1003. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
38
|
Lonardo E, Frias-Aldeguer J, Hermann PC
and Heeschen C: Pancreatic stellate cells form a niche for cancer
stem cells and promote their self-renewal and invasiveness. Cell
Cycle. 11:1282–1290. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
39
|
Mantoni TS, Lunardi S, Al-Assar O,
Masamune A and Brunner TB: Pancreatic stellate cells radioprotect
pancreatic cancer cells through β1-integrin signaling. Cancer Res.
71:3453–3458. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
40
|
Löhr M, Schmidt C, Ringel J, Kluth M,
Müller P, Nizze H and Jesnowski R: Transforming growth factor-beta1
induces desmoplasia in an experimental model of human pancreatic
carcinoma. Cancer Res. 61:550–555. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
41
|
Vonlaufen A, Phillips PA, Xu Z, Goldstein
D, Pirola RC, Wilson JS and Apte MV: Pancreatic stellate cells and
pancreatic cancer cells: An unholy alliance. Cancer Res.
68:7707–7710. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
42
|
Incio J, Suboj P, Chin SM, Vardam-Kaur T,
Liu H, Hato T, Babykutty S, Chen I, Deshpande V, Jain RK and
Fukumura D: Metformin reduces desmoplasia in pancreatic cancer by
reprogramming stellate cells and tumor-associated macrophages. PLoS
One. 10:e01413922015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
43
|
Chen K, Qian W, Li J, Jiang Z, Cheng L,
Yan B, Cao J, Sun L, Zhou C, Lei M, et al: Loss of AMPK activation
promotes the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer through
an HSF1-dependent pathway. Mol Oncol. 11:1475–1492. 2017.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
