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Article

Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle

  • Authors:
    • Woo Hyun Park
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54907, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 2783-2791
    |
    Published online on: October 20, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7815
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Abstract

Propyl gallate (3,4,5‑trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester; PG) is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant which exerts many effects on tissue and cell functions. In the present study, Calu‑6 and A549 lung cancer cells were used to examine the molecular mechanism of the anti‑growth effects of PG in relation to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. PG inhibited the growth of both lung cancer cell types in a dose‑dependent manner with an IC50 of 800 µM at 24 h based on MTT assays. DNA flow cytometry showed that PG induced G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle in Calu‑6 and A549 cells. In addition, PG induced apoptosis in both lung cancer cell types, as evidenced by sub‑G1 cell population and Annexin V‑stained cells. Western blot results demonstrated that PG decreased the Bcl‑2 level which was accompanied by an increase in the cleaved form of poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP). PG also triggered loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ∆Ψm) and decreased MMP (∆Ψm) levels in both lung cancer cell types, as assessed by FACS analysis. Furthermore, PG upregulated the activities of caspase‑3 and caspase‑8 in Calu‑6 cells. In conclusion, PG treatment inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells, especially Calu‑6 cells via caspase‑dependent apoptosis as well as G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Park WH: Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle. Oncol Rep 44: 2783-2791, 2020.
APA
Park, W.H. (2020). Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle. Oncology Reports, 44, 2783-2791. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7815
MLA
Park, W. H."Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle". Oncology Reports 44.6 (2020): 2783-2791.
Chicago
Park, W. H."Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle". Oncology Reports 44, no. 6 (2020): 2783-2791. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7815
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Park WH: Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle. Oncol Rep 44: 2783-2791, 2020.
APA
Park, W.H. (2020). Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle. Oncology Reports, 44, 2783-2791. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7815
MLA
Park, W. H."Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle". Oncology Reports 44.6 (2020): 2783-2791.
Chicago
Park, W. H."Propyl gallate reduces the growth of lung cancer cells through caspase‑dependent apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle". Oncology Reports 44, no. 6 (2020): 2783-2791. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7815
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