The role of immunotherapy and molecular‑targeted therapy in the treatment of melanoma (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Paulina Stachyra‑Strawa
    • Marzanna Ciesielka
    • Michał Janiszewski
    • Ludmiła Grzybowska‑Szatkowska
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 9, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8109
  • Article Number: 158
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Abstract

Skin melanomas are malignant neoplasms originating from neuroectodermal melanocytes. Compared to other neoplasms, melanomas have a high rate of growth. Their incidence is highest in Australia and New Zealand, in high‑income European countries (Switzerland, Norway, Sweden) and in the US. In Poland, the standardized incidence rate is approximately 5/100,000. Melanomas are typically highly radioresistant and chemoresistant. Before the era of immunotherapy, inoperable lesions were treated using chemotherapy based mainly on dacarbazine, temozolomide or fotemustine, which did not yield the expected results in terms of extending survival time or improving patient comfort. Therefore, there has emerged a need to seek other solutions. In most cases, the use of immunological treatment or targeted therapy has had a positive impact on survival time and relapse‑free survival. However, these periods are still relatively short, hence the need for further research and improvement of treatment. The most promising strategies appear to be antibodies that block programmed death receptor‑1 (PD‑1) and programmed death receptor ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) molecules, anti‑CTLA4 antibodies (cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen 4) and therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
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August-2021
Volume 46 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Stachyra‑Strawa P, Ciesielka M, Janiszewski M and Grzybowska‑Szatkowska L: The role of immunotherapy and molecular‑targeted therapy in the treatment of melanoma (Review). Oncol Rep 46: 158, 2021
APA
Stachyra‑Strawa, P., Ciesielka, M., Janiszewski, M., & Grzybowska‑Szatkowska, L. (2021). The role of immunotherapy and molecular‑targeted therapy in the treatment of melanoma (Review). Oncology Reports, 46, 158. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8109
MLA
Stachyra‑Strawa, P., Ciesielka, M., Janiszewski, M., Grzybowska‑Szatkowska, L."The role of immunotherapy and molecular‑targeted therapy in the treatment of melanoma (Review)". Oncology Reports 46.2 (2021): 158.
Chicago
Stachyra‑Strawa, P., Ciesielka, M., Janiszewski, M., Grzybowska‑Szatkowska, L."The role of immunotherapy and molecular‑targeted therapy in the treatment of melanoma (Review)". Oncology Reports 46, no. 2 (2021): 158. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8109