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New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Maria Forțofoiu
    • Ionela Mihaela Vladu
    • Mircea-Cătălin Forțofoiu
    • Rodica Pădureanu
    • Diana Clenciu
    • Dumitru Rădulescu
    • Vlad Pădureanu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania, Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
    Copyright: © Forțofoiu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 178
    |
    Published online on: December 28, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11101
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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, known as the most widespread disease in the world, along with four other chronic diseases, involves major expenditures and significant human resources for care, thus representing a burden on any type of health care system especially due to its rapid evolution of acute and chronic complications. For the emergency department (ED), the requirements of patients with acute complications of diabetes, determine expenses which are three times higher than those for non‑diabetic patients and their hospitalizations are four times more frequent. The acute complications for which patients with diabetes most frequently require the ED are hypoglycemic, hyperosmolar, or ketoacidosis coma as well as alterations of the general condition that is typical of hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and new‑onset hyperglycemia. Hypoglycemia and the Somogyi phenomenon are the most common complications of type 1 diabetes but they can also occur in patients with type 2 diabetes who are treated with insulin through its overdose. DKA can occur in type 1 and 2 diabetes either by administering inadequate doses of insulin or due to the existence of precipitating factors such as stress, acute myocardial infarction, infections, sepsis, and/or gastrointestinal bleeding. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic status is the most common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes and DKA. Treating the acute complications of diabetes in the ED involves, besides taking immediate measures to assess and maintain vital functions, monitoring patients, assessing blood sugar, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate, and applying appropriate immediate therapeutic measures for each type of acute diabetes complication.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Forțofoiu M, Vladu IM, Forțofoiu M, Pădureanu R, Clenciu D, Rădulescu D and Pădureanu V: New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review). Exp Ther Med 23: 178, 2022.
APA
Forțofoiu, M., Vladu, I.M., Forțofoiu, M., Pădureanu, R., Clenciu, D., Rădulescu, D., & Pădureanu, V. (2022). New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 178. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11101
MLA
Forțofoiu, M., Vladu, I. M., Forțofoiu, M., Pădureanu, R., Clenciu, D., Rădulescu, D., Pădureanu, V."New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.2 (2022): 178.
Chicago
Forțofoiu, M., Vladu, I. M., Forțofoiu, M., Pădureanu, R., Clenciu, D., Rădulescu, D., Pădureanu, V."New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 2 (2022): 178. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11101
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Forțofoiu M, Vladu IM, Forțofoiu M, Pădureanu R, Clenciu D, Rădulescu D and Pădureanu V: New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review). Exp Ther Med 23: 178, 2022.
APA
Forțofoiu, M., Vladu, I.M., Forțofoiu, M., Pădureanu, R., Clenciu, D., Rădulescu, D., & Pădureanu, V. (2022). New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23, 178. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11101
MLA
Forțofoiu, M., Vladu, I. M., Forțofoiu, M., Pădureanu, R., Clenciu, D., Rădulescu, D., Pădureanu, V."New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23.2 (2022): 178.
Chicago
Forțofoiu, M., Vladu, I. M., Forțofoiu, M., Pădureanu, R., Clenciu, D., Rădulescu, D., Pădureanu, V."New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 23, no. 2 (2022): 178. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11101
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