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Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms

  • Authors:
    • Hao Yu
    • Yao Wu
    • Shaohong Zou
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: May 23, 2025     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12894
  • Article Number: 144
  • Copyright: © Yu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

This study investigated the potential role of promoter‑region DNA methylation in GRIN2B in bipolar disorder (BD) and its association with anxiety and insomnia symptoms among patients with BD. The DNA methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region were quantified using MassARRAY technology in peripheral blood samples from 31 patients with BD and 32 healthy controls. To assess associations, binary logistic regression and partial correlation analyses were performed to examine potential links between GRIN2B methylation, BD diagnosis and symptom severity. The exploratory analysis revealed six differentially methylated CpG sites between groups, four of which exhibited hypermethylation in patients with BD compared with the controls. Significant positive correlations were observed between Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores and CpG9 methylation (r=0.408, P=0.038), as well as between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores and CpG8 methylation (r=0.419, P=0.033). These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting an association between GRIN2B methylation levels and BD, as well as related clinical symptoms. However, given the small sample size and the exploratory nature of this study, these results should be interpreted with caution. Further replication in larger, longitudinal cohorts is warranted to confirm these observations and evaluate their clinical implications.
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July-2025
Volume 30 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Spandidos Publications style
Yu H, Wu Y and Zou S: Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms. Exp Ther Med 30: 144, 2025.
APA
Yu, H., Wu, Y., & Zou, S. (2025). Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12894
MLA
Yu, H., Wu, Y., Zou, S."Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.1 (2025): 144.
Chicago
Yu, H., Wu, Y., Zou, S."Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 1 (2025): 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12894