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Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms

  • Authors:
    • Hao Yu
    • Yao Wu
    • Shaohong Zou
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    Affiliations: Department of Clinical Psychology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Yu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 144
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    Published online on: May 23, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12894
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Abstract

This study investigated the potential role of promoter‑region DNA methylation in GRIN2B in bipolar disorder (BD) and its association with anxiety and insomnia symptoms among patients with BD. The DNA methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region were quantified using MassARRAY technology in peripheral blood samples from 31 patients with BD and 32 healthy controls. To assess associations, binary logistic regression and partial correlation analyses were performed to examine potential links between GRIN2B methylation, BD diagnosis and symptom severity. The exploratory analysis revealed six differentially methylated CpG sites between groups, four of which exhibited hypermethylation in patients with BD compared with the controls. Significant positive correlations were observed between Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores and CpG9 methylation (r=0.408, P=0.038), as well as between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores and CpG8 methylation (r=0.419, P=0.033). These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting an association between GRIN2B methylation levels and BD, as well as related clinical symptoms. However, given the small sample size and the exploratory nature of this study, these results should be interpreted with caution. Further replication in larger, longitudinal cohorts is warranted to confirm these observations and evaluate their clinical implications.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yu H, Wu Y and Zou S: Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms. Exp Ther Med 30: 144, 2025.
APA
Yu, H., Wu, Y., & Zou, S. (2025). Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12894
MLA
Yu, H., Wu, Y., Zou, S."Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.1 (2025): 144.
Chicago
Yu, H., Wu, Y., Zou, S."Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 1 (2025): 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12894
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yu H, Wu Y and Zou S: Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms. Exp Ther Med 30: 144, 2025.
APA
Yu, H., Wu, Y., & Zou, S. (2025). Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 30, 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12894
MLA
Yu, H., Wu, Y., Zou, S."Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30.1 (2025): 144.
Chicago
Yu, H., Wu, Y., Zou, S."Methylation levels in the GRIN2B promoter region are associated with bipolar disorder and its anxiety and insomnia symptoms". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 30, no. 1 (2025): 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2025.12894
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