Open Access

Proanthocyanidins exert a neuroprotective effect via ROS/JNK signaling in MPTP‑induced Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo

  • Authors:
    • Hucheng Chen
    • Jiyu Xu
    • Yuan Lv
    • Ping He
    • Chunyan Liu
    • Jie Jiao
    • Shiwei Li
    • Xuhua Mao
    • Xue Xue
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 25, 2018     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9509
  • Pages: 4913-4921
  • Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The pathological alterations of Parkinson's disease (PD) predominantly manifest as a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which may be caused by oxidative stress damage. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are a class of compounds found in various plants, which have significant antioxidant and free radical‑scavenging activity. The present study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of PCs in a 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6‑tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‑induced PD model in vitro and in vivo. MTT assays were used to detect cell viability, and flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alterations were investigated using a JC‑1 MMP Assay kit. The pole test was used to measure motor behavior in a mouse model of PD. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using the fluorescent probe, 2',7'‑dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of proteins associated with PD. In vitro, it was demonstrated that in MPTP‑treated PC12 cells, PCs increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis in a dose‑dependent manner. In vivo, it was revealed that PC treatment inhibited striatal dopamine depletion, which resulted in significant improvements in PD‑like movement impairment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and MPTP‑induced apoptosis were also inhibited. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the neuroprotective activity of PCs may be mediated via the inhibition of ROS generation, as well as modulation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase activation. Taken together, these data revealed that PCs may exert neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro PD models, and may have potential in the prevention or treatment of PD.
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December-2018
Volume 18 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Spandidos Publications style
Chen H, Xu J, Lv Y, He P, Liu C, Jiao J, Li S, Mao X and Xue X: Proanthocyanidins exert a neuroprotective effect via ROS/JNK signaling in MPTP‑induced Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 18: 4913-4921, 2018.
APA
Chen, H., Xu, J., Lv, Y., He, P., Liu, C., Jiao, J. ... Xue, X. (2018). Proanthocyanidins exert a neuroprotective effect via ROS/JNK signaling in MPTP‑induced Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo. Molecular Medicine Reports, 18, 4913-4921. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9509
MLA
Chen, H., Xu, J., Lv, Y., He, P., Liu, C., Jiao, J., Li, S., Mao, X., Xue, X."Proanthocyanidins exert a neuroprotective effect via ROS/JNK signaling in MPTP‑induced Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo". Molecular Medicine Reports 18.6 (2018): 4913-4921.
Chicago
Chen, H., Xu, J., Lv, Y., He, P., Liu, C., Jiao, J., Li, S., Mao, X., Xue, X."Proanthocyanidins exert a neuroprotective effect via ROS/JNK signaling in MPTP‑induced Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo". Molecular Medicine Reports 18, no. 6 (2018): 4913-4921. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9509