Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Molecular Medicine Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
Journal Cover
July-2021 Volume 24 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2021 Volume 24 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Inflammatory response in epilepsy is mediated by glial cell gap junction pathway (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Guangliang Wang
    • Jiangtao Wang
    • Cuijuan Xin
    • Jinyu Xiao
    • Jianmin Liang
    • Xuemei Wu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Dalinghe Hospital of Far Eastern Horizon, Linghai, Liaoning 121200, P.R. China, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 493
    |
    Published online on: May 5, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12132
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects more than 50 million people worldwide. Neuro­inflammation plays an important role in epilepsy. Activation of the immune system and an excessive inflammatory response can increase the frequency of seizures and increase the susceptibility to epilepsy. Therefore, anti-inflammatory therapies may have antiepileptic effects. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a major component of astroglial hemichannels and gap junctions. Gap junctions are important for the direct exchange of substances and information between cells, as well as regulating the neuroinflammatory response, changing neuronal excitability, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic remodeling. Cx43-mediated gap junction pathway can be crucial in epilepsy-induced neuroinflammatory cascades. Further, pro-inflammatory cytokines may in turn directly affect the expression of the Cx43 protein in astrocytes. Therefore, examining the association between neuroinflammation and epilepsy can be instrumental in uncovering the pathogenesis of epilepsy, which can lead to the development of novel and more effective antiepileptic drugs.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Beghi E and Giussani G: Treatment of epilepsy in light of the most recent advances. Lancet Neurol. 18:7–8. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Brewer MK, Grossman TR, McKnight TR, Goldberg YP, Landy H and Gentry MS: The 4th International Lafora Epilepsy Workshop: Shifting paradigms, paths to treatment, and hope for patients. Epilepsy Behav. 90:284–286. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Conway CR, Udaiyar A and Schachter SC: Neurostimulation for depression in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 88S:25–32. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Johnson EL: Seizures and epilepsy. Med Clin North Am. 103:309–324. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Klein P, Dingledine R, Aronica E, Bernard C, Blümcke I, Boison D, Brodie MJ, Brooks-Kayal AR, Engel J Jr, Forcelli PA, et al: Commonalities in epileptogenic processes from different acute brain insults: Do they translate? Epilepsia. 59:37–66. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Vezzani A, Balosso S and Ravizza T: Neuroinflammatory pathways as treatment targets and biomarkers in epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol. 15:459–472. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Hodges SL and Lugo JN: Therapeutic role of targeting mTOR signaling and neuroinflammation in epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 161:1062822020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Eastman CL, D'Ambrosio R and Ganesh T: Modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to prevent epilepsy and improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology. 172:1079072020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Terrone G, Balosso S, Pauletti A, Ravizza T and Vezzani A: Inflammation and reactive oxygen species as disease modifiers in epilepsy. Neuropharmacology. 167:1077422020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Sanz P and Garcia-Gimeno MA: Reactive glia inflammatory signaling pathways and epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci. 21:40962020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Mukherjee S, Arisi GM, Mims K, Hollingsworth G, O'Neil K and Shapiro LA: Neuroinflammatory mechanisms of post-traumatic epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation. 17:1932020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Korff CM and Dale RC: The immune system in pediatric seizures and epilepsies. Pediatrics. 140:e201635342017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Bauer J, Becker AJ, Elyaman W, Peltola J, Rüegg S, Titulaer MJ, Varley JA and Beghi E: Innate and adaptive immunity in human epilepsies. Epilepsia. 58 (Suppl 3):57–68. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Tamura R, Yoshida K and Toda M: Current understanding of lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system. Neurosurg Rev. 43:1055–1064. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kipnis J: Multifaceted interactions between adaptive immunity and the central nervous system. Science. 353:766–771. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Klein RS, Garber C and Howard N: Infectious immunity in the central nervous system and brain function. Nat Immunol. 18:132–141. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Wesselingh R, Butzkueven H, Buzzard K, Tarlinton D, O'Brien TJ and Monif M: Innate immunity in the central nervous system: A missing piece of the autoimmune encephalitis puzzle? Front Immunol. 10:20662019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Peralta Ramos JM, Iribarren P, Bousset L, Melki R, Baekelandt V and Van der Perren A: Peripheral inflammation regulates CNS immune surveillance through the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes upon systemic α-synuclein administration. Front Immunol. 10:802019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Prinz M and Priller J: The role of peripheral immune cells in the CNS in steady state and disease. Nat Neurosci. 20:136–144. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Engelhardt B, Vajkoczy P and Weller RO: The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS. Nat Immunol. 18:123–131. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Greenhalgh AD, Zarruk JG, Healy LM, Baskar Jesudasan SJ, Jhelum P, Salmon CK, Formanek A, Russo MV, Antel JP, McGavern DB, et al: Peripherally derived macrophages modulate microglial function to reduce inflammation after CNS injury. PLoS Biol. 16:e20052642018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Bohlen CJ, Friedman BA, Dejanovic B and Sheng M: Microglia in brain development, homeostasis, and neurodegeneration. Annu Rev Genet. 53:263–288. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Tan YL, Yuan Y and Tian L: Microglial regional heterogeneity and its role in the brain. Mol Psychiatry. 25:351–367. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Illes P, Rubini P, Ulrich H, Zhao Y and Tang Y: Regulation of microglial functions by purinergic mechanisms in the healthy and diseased CNS. Cells. 9:11082020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hsu M, Rayasam A, Kijak JA, Choi YH, Harding JS, Marcus SA, Karpus WJ, Sandor M and Fabry Z: Neuroinflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis near the cribriform plate contributes to drainage of CNS-derived antigens and immune cells. Nat Commun. 10:2292019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wheeler MA, Jaronen M, Covacu R, Zandee SEJ, Scalisi G, Rothhammer V, Tjon EC, Chao CC, Kenison JE, Blain M, et al: Environmental control of astrocyte pathogenic activities in CNS inflammation. Cell. 176:581–596.e18. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Rothhammer V and Quintana FJ: Control of autoimmune CNS inflammation by astrocytes. Semin Immunopathol. 37:625–638. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Anderson WD, Greenhalgh AD, Takwale A, David S and Vadigepalli R: Novel influences of IL-10 on CNS inflammation revealed by integrated analyses of cytokine networks and microglial morphology. Front Cell Neurosci. 11:2332017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Chiang N and Serhan CN: Structural elucidation and physiologic functions of specialized pro-resolving mediators and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med. 58:114–129. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Dupuis N and Auvin S: Inflammation and epilepsy in the developing brain: Clinical and experimental evidence. CNS Neurosci Ther. 21:141–151. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Mukhtar I: Inflammatory and immune mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and epilepsy: From pathogenesis to treatment target. Seizure. 82:65–79. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Wyatt-Johnson SK and Brewster AL: Emerging Roles for Microglial Phagocytic Signaling in Epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr. 20:33–38. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Hiragi T, Ikegaya Y and Koyama R: Microglia after seizures and in epilepsy. Cells. 7:262018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Paudel YN, Shaikh MF, Shah S, Kumari Y and Othman I: Role of inflammation in epilepsy and neurobehavioral comorbidities: Implication for therapy. Eur J Pharmacol. 837:145–155. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Calabrese M, De Stefano N, Atzori M, Bernardi V, Mattisi I, Barachino L, Rinaldi L, Morra A, McAuliffe MM, Perini P, et al: Extensive cortical inflammation is associated with epilepsy in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 255:581–586. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Drion CM, van Scheppingen J, Arena A, Geijtenbeek KW, Kooijman L, van Vliet EA, Aronica E and Gorter JA: Effects of rapamycin and curcumin on inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo - in search of potential anti-epileptogenic strategies for temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation. 15:2122018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Rana A and Musto AE: The role of inflammation in the development of epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation. 15:1442018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Jung KH, Chu K, Lee ST, Kim JH, Kang KM, Song EC, Kim SJ, Park HK, Kim M, Lee SK, et al: Region-specific plasticity in the epileptic rat brain: A hippocampal and extrahippocampal analysis. Epilepsia. 50:537–549. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Vezzani A and Rüegg S: Introduction to the 2nd Meeting on Immunity and Inflammation in Epilepsy (IIE2016). Epilepsia. 58 (Suppl 3):7–10. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Mazarati AM, Lewis ML and Pittman QJ: Neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy: Role of inflammation. Epilepsia. 58 (Suppl 3):48–56. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Allsopp RC, Dayl S, Schmid R and Evans RJ: Unique residues in the ATP gated human P2X7 receptor define a novel allosteric binding pocket for the selective antagonist AZ10606120. Sci Rep. 7:7252017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Nuka E, Ohnishi K, Terao J and Kawai Y: ATP/P2X7 receptor signaling as a potential anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenols. PLoS One. 13:e02042292018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Zumerle S, Calì B, Munari F, Angioni R, Di Virgilio F, Molon B and Viola A: Intercellular calcium signaling induced by ATP potentiates macrophage phagocytosis. Cell Rep. 27:1–10.e4. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Monif M, Burnstock G and Williams DA: Microglia: Proliferation and activation driven by the P2X7 receptor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 42:1753–1756. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Li R, Shang Y, Hu X, Yu Y, Zhou T, Xiong W and Zou X: ATP/P2X7r axis mediates the pathological process of allergic asthma by inducing M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages. Exp Cell Res. 386:1117082020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Ryoden Y, Fujii T, Segawa K and Nagata S: Functional expression of the P2X7 ATP receptor requires eros. J Immunol. 204:559–568. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Burnstock G and Knight GE: The potential of P2X7 receptors as a therapeutic target, including inflammation and tumour progression. Purinergic Signal. 14:1–18. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Amadio S, Parisi C, Piras E, Fabbrizio P, Apolloni S, Montilli C, Luchetti S, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Laghi-Pasini F, et al: Modulation of P2X7 receptor during inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 8:15292017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Wei L, Syed Mortadza SA, Yan J, Zhang L, Wang L, Yin Y, Li C, Chalon S, Emond P, Belzung C, et al: ATP-activated P2X7 receptor in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and as an emerging target for the development of novel antidepressant therapeutics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 87:192–205. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Beamer E, Fischer W and Engel T: The ATP-gated P2X7 receptor as a target for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Front Neurosci. 11:212017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Kaczmarek-Hajek K, Zhang J, Kopp R, Grosche A, Rissiek B, Saul A, Bruzzone S, Engel T, Jooss T, Krautloher A, et al: Re-evaluation of neuronal P2X7 expression using novel mouse models and a P2X7-specific nanobody. Elife. 7:e362172018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Kim Y, Davidson JO, Gunn KC, Phillips AR, Green CR and Gunn AJ: Role of hemichannels in CNS inflammation and the inflammasome pathway. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 104:1–37. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Das A, Wallace GC IV, Holmes C, McDowell ML, Smith JA, Marshall JD, Bonilha L, Edwards JC, Glazier SS, Ray SK, et al: Hippocampal tissue of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with astrocyte activation, inflammation, and altered expression of channels and receptors. Neuroscience. 220:237–246. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

John GR, Scemes E, Suadicani SO, Liu JS, Charles PC, Lee SC, Spray DC and Brosnan CF: IL-1beta differentially regulates calcium wave propagation between primary human fetal astrocytes via pathways involving P2 receptors and gap junction channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:11613–11618. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Zvalova D, Cordier J, Mesnil M, Junier MP and Chneiweiss H: p38/SAPK2 controls gap junction closure in astrocytes. Glia. 46:323–333. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

De Bock M, Wang N, Decrock E, Bultynck G and Leybaert L: Intracellular cleavage of the Cx43 C-terminal domain by matrix-metalloproteases: A novel contributor to inflammation? Mediators Inflamm. 2015:2574712015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Jourdeuil K and Taneyhill LA: The gap junction protein connexin 43 controls multiple aspects of cranial neural crest cell development. J Cell Sci. 133:jcs2354402020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Nikolic L, Shen W, Nobili P, Virenque A, Ulmann L and Audinat E: Blocking TNFα-driven astrocyte purinergic signaling restores normal synaptic activity during epileptogenesis. Glia. 66:2673–2683. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Ghaemi A, Alizadeh L, Babaei S, Jafarian M, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Meuth SG, Kovac S and Gorji A: Astrocyte-mediated inflammation in cortical spreading depression. Cephalalgia. 38:626–638. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Webster KM, Sun M, Crack P, O'Brien TJ, Shultz SR and Semple BD: Inflammation in epileptogenesis after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation. 14:102017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Illes P, Burnstock G and Tang Y: Astroglia-derived ATP modulates CNS neuronal circuits. Trends Neurosci. 42:885–898. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Nakamura Y, Park JH and Hayakawa K: Therapeutic use of extracellular mitochondria in CNS injury and disease. Exp Neurol. 324:1131142020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Li W, Li J, Sama AE and Wang H: Carbenoxolone blocks endotoxin-induced protein kinase R (PKR) activation and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release. Mol Med. 19:203–211. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Jesus LB, Santos AB, Jesus EEV, Santos RGD, Grangeiro MS, Bispo-da-Silva A, Arruda MR, Argolo DS, Pinheiro AM, El-Bachá RS, et al: IDO, COX and iNOS have an important role in the proliferation of Neospora caninum in neuron/glia co-cultures. Vet Parasitol. 266:96–102. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Kwan T, Floyd CL, Kim S and King PH: RNA binding protein human antigen R is translocated in astrocytes following spinal cord injury and promotes the inflammatory response. J Neurotrauma. 34:1249–1259. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang G, Wang J, Xin C, Xiao J, Liang J and Wu X: Inflammatory response in epilepsy is mediated by glial cell gap junction pathway (Review). Mol Med Rep 24: 493, 2021.
APA
Wang, G., Wang, J., Xin, C., Xiao, J., Liang, J., & Wu, X. (2021). Inflammatory response in epilepsy is mediated by glial cell gap junction pathway (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 493. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12132
MLA
Wang, G., Wang, J., Xin, C., Xiao, J., Liang, J., Wu, X."Inflammatory response in epilepsy is mediated by glial cell gap junction pathway (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.1 (2021): 493.
Chicago
Wang, G., Wang, J., Xin, C., Xiao, J., Liang, J., Wu, X."Inflammatory response in epilepsy is mediated by glial cell gap junction pathway (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 1 (2021): 493. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12132
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang G, Wang J, Xin C, Xiao J, Liang J and Wu X: Inflammatory response in epilepsy is mediated by glial cell gap junction pathway (Review). Mol Med Rep 24: 493, 2021.
APA
Wang, G., Wang, J., Xin, C., Xiao, J., Liang, J., & Wu, X. (2021). Inflammatory response in epilepsy is mediated by glial cell gap junction pathway (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 24, 493. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12132
MLA
Wang, G., Wang, J., Xin, C., Xiao, J., Liang, J., Wu, X."Inflammatory response in epilepsy is mediated by glial cell gap junction pathway (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24.1 (2021): 493.
Chicago
Wang, G., Wang, J., Xin, C., Xiao, J., Liang, J., Wu, X."Inflammatory response in epilepsy is mediated by glial cell gap junction pathway (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 24, no. 1 (2021): 493. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12132
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team