Open Access

Combination of chloroquine diphosphate and salidroside induces human liver cell apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy

  • Authors:
    • Bing Jiang
    • Longfei Feng
    • Tao Yang
    • Wenjing Guo
    • Yangyang Li
    • Tao Wang
    • Chengguang Liu
    • Haixiang Su
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: December 27, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12924
  • Article Number: 37
  • Copyright: © Jiang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer‑associated death in the world. Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment method for HCC. Despite advances in chemotherapy and modalities, recurrence and resistance limit therapeutic success. Salidroside (Sal), a bioactive component extracted from the rhizome of Rhodiola rosea L, exhibits a spectrum of biological activities including antitumor effects. In the present study, it was demonstrated that Sal could induce apoptosis and autophagy of 97H cells by using CCK‑8 assay, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Hoechst33342 staining, MDC staining, western blotting. Pretreatment with Sal enhanced apoptosis and autophagy via upregulation of expression levels of Bax, Caspase‑3, Caspase‑9, light chain (LC)3‑II and Beclin‑1 proteins and downregulation of expression levels of Bcl‑2, LC3‑I and p62 protein in 97H cells. Furthermore, Sal was demonstrated to inhibit activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and, when combined with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine diphosphate (CQ), increased phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR proteins. The combined treatment with Sal and CQ not only decreased Sal‑induced autophagy, but also accelerated Sal‑induced apoptosis. Therefore, Sal‑induced autophagy might serve a role as a defense mechanism in human liver cancer cells and its inhibition may be a promising strategy for the adjuvant chemotherapy of liver cancer.
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February-2023
Volume 27 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Spandidos Publications style
Jiang B, Feng L, Yang T, Guo W, Li Y, Wang T, Liu C and Su H: Combination of chloroquine diphosphate and salidroside induces human liver cell apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Mol Med Rep 27: 37, 2023
APA
Jiang, B., Feng, L., Yang, T., Guo, W., Li, Y., Wang, T. ... Su, H. (2023). Combination of chloroquine diphosphate and salidroside induces human liver cell apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Molecular Medicine Reports, 27, 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12924
MLA
Jiang, B., Feng, L., Yang, T., Guo, W., Li, Y., Wang, T., Liu, C., Su, H."Combination of chloroquine diphosphate and salidroside induces human liver cell apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 27.2 (2023): 37.
Chicago
Jiang, B., Feng, L., Yang, T., Guo, W., Li, Y., Wang, T., Liu, C., Su, H."Combination of chloroquine diphosphate and salidroside induces human liver cell apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy". Molecular Medicine Reports 27, no. 2 (2023): 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12924