Open Access

Triclosan induces ROS‑dependent cell death and autophagy in A375 melanoma cells

  • Authors:
    • Jing Jin
    • Naiwen Chen
    • Huan Pan
    • Wenhua Xie
    • Hong Xu
    • Siyu Lei
    • Zhiqin Guo
    • Renye Ding
    • Yi He
    • Jinlai Gao
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 30, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11934
  • Article Number: 73
  • Copyright: © Jin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Melanoma is a common type of cutaneous tumor, but current drug treatments do not satisfy clinical practice requirements. At present, mitochondrial uncoupling is an effective antitumor treatment. Triclosan, a common antimicrobial, also acts as a mitochondrial uncoupler. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of triclosan on melanoma cells and the underlying mechanisms. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mito‑ROS), intracellular superoxide anion and [Ca2+]i were measured using confocal microscopy. It was found that triclosan application was associated with decreased A375 cell viability in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner and these effects may have cell specificity. Furthermore, triclosan induced MMP depolarization, ATP content decrease, mito‑ROS and [Ca2+]i level increases, excessive mitochondrial fission, AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and STAT3 inhibition. Moreover, these aforementioned effects were reversed by acetylcysteine treatment. Triclosan acute treatment also induced mitochondrial swelling, which was reversed after AMPK‑knockdown associated with [Ca2+]i overload. Cell death was caused by STAT3 inhibition but not AMPK activation. Moreover, triclosan induced autophagy via the ROS/AMPK/p62/microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3 (LC3) signaling pathway, which may serve a role in feedback protection. Collectively, the present results suggested that triclosan increased mito‑ROS production in melanoma cells, following induced cell death via the STAT3/Bcl‑2 pathway and autophagy via the AMPK/p62/LC3 pathway.
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October-2020
Volume 20 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
Jin J, Chen N, Pan H, Xie W, Xu H, Lei S, Guo Z, Ding R, He Y, Gao J, Gao J, et al: Triclosan induces ROS‑dependent cell death and autophagy in A375 melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 20: 73, 2020
APA
Jin, J., Chen, N., Pan, H., Xie, W., Xu, H., Lei, S. ... Gao, J. (2020). Triclosan induces ROS‑dependent cell death and autophagy in A375 melanoma cells. Oncology Letters, 20, 73. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11934
MLA
Jin, J., Chen, N., Pan, H., Xie, W., Xu, H., Lei, S., Guo, Z., Ding, R., He, Y., Gao, J."Triclosan induces ROS‑dependent cell death and autophagy in A375 melanoma cells". Oncology Letters 20.4 (2020): 73.
Chicago
Jin, J., Chen, N., Pan, H., Xie, W., Xu, H., Lei, S., Guo, Z., Ding, R., He, Y., Gao, J."Triclosan induces ROS‑dependent cell death and autophagy in A375 melanoma cells". Oncology Letters 20, no. 4 (2020): 73. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11934