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Review Open Access

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their modification as promising anticancer targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mohammed A. Alshehri
    • Moath M. Alshehri
    • Naif N. Albalawi
    • Moshari A. Al‑Ghamdi
    • Mohammed M.H. Al‑Gayyar
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
    Copyright: © Alshehri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 173
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    Published online on: January 4, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12434
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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of primary liver cancer. Despite advancements in the treatment strategies of HCC, there is an urgent requirement to identify and develop novel therapeutic drugs that do not lead to resistance. These novel agents should have the potential to influence the primary mechanisms participating in the pathogenesis of HCC. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are major elements of the extracellular matrix that perform structural and signaling functions. HSPGs protect against invasion of tumor cells by preventing cell infiltration and intercellular adhesion. Several enzymes, such as heparanase, matrix metalloproteinase‑9 and sulfatase‑2, have been reported to affect HSPGs, leading to their degradation and thus enhancing tumor invasion. In addition, some compounds that are produced from the degradation of HSPGs, including glypican‑3 and syndecan‑1, enhance tumor progression. Thus, the identification of enzymes that affect HSPGs or their degradation products in HCC may lead to the development of novel therapeutic targets. The present review discusses the main enzymes and compounds associated with HSPGs, and their involvement with the pathogenicity of HCC.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Alshehri MA, Alshehri MM, Albalawi NN, Al‑Ghamdi MA and Al‑Gayyar MM: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their modification as promising anticancer targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 21: 173, 2021.
APA
Alshehri, M.A., Alshehri, M.M., Albalawi, N.N., Al‑Ghamdi, M.A., & Al‑Gayyar, M.M. (2021). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their modification as promising anticancer targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncology Letters, 21, 173. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12434
MLA
Alshehri, M. A., Alshehri, M. M., Albalawi, N. N., Al‑Ghamdi, M. A., Al‑Gayyar, M. M."Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their modification as promising anticancer targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 21.2 (2021): 173.
Chicago
Alshehri, M. A., Alshehri, M. M., Albalawi, N. N., Al‑Ghamdi, M. A., Al‑Gayyar, M. M."Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their modification as promising anticancer targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 21, no. 2 (2021): 173. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12434
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Alshehri MA, Alshehri MM, Albalawi NN, Al‑Ghamdi MA and Al‑Gayyar MM: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their modification as promising anticancer targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 21: 173, 2021.
APA
Alshehri, M.A., Alshehri, M.M., Albalawi, N.N., Al‑Ghamdi, M.A., & Al‑Gayyar, M.M. (2021). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their modification as promising anticancer targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncology Letters, 21, 173. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12434
MLA
Alshehri, M. A., Alshehri, M. M., Albalawi, N. N., Al‑Ghamdi, M. A., Al‑Gayyar, M. M."Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their modification as promising anticancer targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 21.2 (2021): 173.
Chicago
Alshehri, M. A., Alshehri, M. M., Albalawi, N. N., Al‑Ghamdi, M. A., Al‑Gayyar, M. M."Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their modification as promising anticancer targets in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 21, no. 2 (2021): 173. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.12434
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