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Review

Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Hong Zhu
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    Affiliations: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1327-1334
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    Published online on: July 23, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3357
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Abstract

Deregulation of forkhead box (FOX) proteins has been found in many genetic diseases and malignancies including leukemia. Leukemia is a common neoplastic disease of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the presence of immature leukocytes and is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer. Forkhead transcription factors, FOXM1 and FOXO family members (FOXOs), are important mediators in leukemia development. Aberrant expression of FOXM1 and FOXOs results in leukemogenesis. Usually the expression of FOXM1 is upregulated, whereas the expression of FOXOs is downregulated due to phosphorylation, nuclear exclusion and degradation in leukemia. On the one hand, FOXOs are bona fide tumor suppressors, on the other hand, active FOXOs maintain leukemia stem cells and stimulate drug resistance genes, contributing to leukemogenesis. FOXM1 and FOXOs have been proven to be potential targets for the development of leukemia therapeutics. They are also valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers in leukemia for clinical applications. This review summarizes the present knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms by which FOXM1 and FOXOs modulate leukemogenesis and leukemia development, the clinical relevance of these FOX proteins in leukemia and related areas that warrant further investigation.
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Spandidos Publications style
Zhu H: Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review). Oncol Rep 32: 1327-1334, 2014.
APA
Zhu, H. (2014). Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review). Oncology Reports, 32, 1327-1334. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3357
MLA
Zhu, H."Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review)". Oncology Reports 32.4 (2014): 1327-1334.
Chicago
Zhu, H."Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review)". Oncology Reports 32, no. 4 (2014): 1327-1334. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3357
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhu H: Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review). Oncol Rep 32: 1327-1334, 2014.
APA
Zhu, H. (2014). Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review). Oncology Reports, 32, 1327-1334. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3357
MLA
Zhu, H."Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review)". Oncology Reports 32.4 (2014): 1327-1334.
Chicago
Zhu, H."Targeting forkhead box transcription factors FOXM1 and FOXO in leukemia (Review)". Oncology Reports 32, no. 4 (2014): 1327-1334. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3357
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