Discovery of microglia gonadotropin‑releasing hormone receptor and its potential role in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Wang,Fan; Wang,Fan; Zhang,Zhenghong; Zhang,Zhenghong; Han,Junyong; Han,Junyong; Zheng,Jianjun; Zheng,Jianjun; Wang,Xin; Wang,Xin; Wang,Zhengchao; Wang,Zhengchao

doi:10.3892/mmr.2023.12964

Discovery of microglia gonadotropin‑releasing hormone receptor and its potential role in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Authors:
- Fan Wang
- Zhenghong Zhang
- Junyong Han
- Jianjun Zheng
- Xin Wang
- Zhengchao Wang
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Affiliations: Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China, Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Measurement, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
Published online on: February 16, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2023.12964
Article Number: 77
Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Hypothalamic inflammation is a pathophysiological basis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while overactivated and/or excess M1 polarized microglia are considered to be the main reason for the occurrence of hypothalamic inflammation. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the relationships between microglia‑mediated inflammatory reactions and endocrine functions in the PCOS hypothalamus. The expression of gonadotropin‑releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (GnRHR) was demonstrated in hypothalamic microglia, and it was found that low concentration, GnRH agonist, leuprolide acetate accelerated the expression of M2 polarization marker CD206, while high concentration leuprolide acetate increased the expression of M1 polarization marker CD86 in vitro. Furthermore, aerobic exercise not only reduced the levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and GnRH and the amount of overactivated microglia, but also increased the number of M2 microglia in the hypothalamus of letrozole‑induced PCOS rats. In combination, these results not only demonstrated the expression of GnRHR in hypothalamic microglia, but also demonstrated that GnRH can induce microglial polarization, while aerobic exercise may improve the microglia‑mediated inflammatory reaction by reducing the expression of GnRHR in the hypothalamic microglia of PCOS rats.

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