Importance of early diagnosis in gynecological cancer

The availability of screening modalities and improvements in prevention have reduced the risk of developing some cancers over the last few decades. Methods for optimal screening of gynecologic cancers are still being investigated. Cervical cancer is the only gynecologic malignancy for which a screening modality is widely accepted and recommended to all women. The primary care practitioner plays a valuable role in performing regular Pap smears and pelvic examinations. Annual screening of cervical cells has been shown to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by 78% Although routine screening for asymptomatic women for ovarian and endometrial cancer cannot be recommended at this time, vaginal ultrasound is a valuable tool for the evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding and ovarian masses. Endometrial carcinoma is associated with a good prognosis because patients tend to present with early disease. Mass screening is therefore unlikely to be of benefit. High-risk populations may benefit from screening, but no prospective studies have demonstrated a benefit in any population. Infact, for these tomours, despite enormous progress in treatment, not the same progress in diagnosis effort, there is no proof that routine screening with serum markers, sonography, or pelvic examinations decreases mortality. Timeliness is one of the fundamental yet understudied quality metrics of cancer care. Future studies are warranted to explore the prognostic implications and the reasons for delays within specific cancer types.